-
1 the worst of it is (that)
the most unfortunate etc aspect of the situation is (that).أسْوأ ما في الأمْر -
2 the worst of it is (that)
the most unfortunate etc aspect of the situation is (that).أسْوأ ما في الأمْر -
3 obcido
1.occīdo ( obc-), cīdi, cīsum, 3 (occisit for occiderit, Lex Num. Pompil. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. occisum. pp. 178 and 179; also Lex XII. Tab. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4), v. a. [ob-caedo], to strike down, strike to the ground; to beat, smash, crush.I.Lit.A.In gen. (very rare):B.aliquem pugnis,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20:occare id est comminuere, ne sit glaeba: quod ita occidunt, occare dictum,
to crush, Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 1:occisum ad mortem,
wounded to death, Vulg. Apoc. 13, 3.—In partic., to strike or cut down; to cut off, kill, slay (class. and very freq.; syn.: interficio, trucido, obtrunco): summus ibi capitur meddix: occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Müll. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):II.L. Virginius filiam suā manu occidit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 66:ejus copias,
id. Phil. 14, 14, 36:ipse pro castris fortissime pugnans occiditur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 36: occidione occidere, to completely cut off, destroy; v. occidio:ad unum omnes,
to cut off all to the last man, Liv. 3, 23:aliquem veneno,
to destroy with poison, Suet. Claud. 44; Just. 3, 2, 1:occisus videtur non tantum qui per vim aut per caedem interfectus est, velut jugulatus... sed et is qui veneno Necatus dicitur,
Paul. Sent. 3, 5, 2 sqq.; cf.:et occidet eum lingua viperae,
Vulg. Job, 20, 16:occisa sunt in terrae motu,
id. Apoc. 11, 13:dedistine ei gladium qui se occideret?
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92: cum ipse se conaretur occidere, Cic. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 69; so,se occidere,
Curt. 6, 10, 18; Quint. 7, 3, 7; Suet. Vit. 10; Eutr. 1, 8; 6, 24; Lact. 3, 18, 8; cf.:occidit, adversariumne? immo vero aiunt se et eum, quem defendit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 74, 302.—Transf.A.To plague to death; to torture, torment, pester (cf. exanimo, II. B.; very rare;B.not in Cic. or Cæs.): occidis me, cum istuc rogitas,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 21:aliā occidis fabulā,
id. Men. 5, 5, 23:occidis saepe rogando,
Hor. Epod. 14, 5:legendo,
id. A. P. 475.—To ruin, undo:2. I.occidisti me tuis fallaciis,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 67.—Hence, oc-cīsus, a, um, P. a., ruined, lost, unfortunate, undone (Plautin.):occisa est haec res, nisi, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 7.— Sup.:occisissimus sum omnium, qui vivunt,
I am the most unfortunate, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 53.Lit.A.In gen. (rare):B.et alia Signa de caelo ad terram occidunt,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 8: ut alii [p. 1251] super alios occiderent, Liv. 21, 35:arbores ita inciderant, ut momento levi impulsae occiderent,
id. 23, 24.—In partic.1.Of the heavenly bodies, to go down, set (class.): prope jam occidente sole, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24:2.soles occidere, et redire possunt: Nobis, cum semel occidit brevis lux, Nox est perpetua una dormienda,
Cat. 5, 4:Capra, Aquila, Canicula,
Col. 11, 2, 94:occasura pars caeli,
i. e. western, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 92: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, i. e. sundown, sunset, Lex XII. Tab.; cf. Gell. 17, 2, 10 (Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Müll., gives, instead of it, OCCASVS SOLIS; v. 2. occasus); so,ante solem obcasum,
before sunset, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 41:donec lux occidat,
Juv. 13, 158.—Fig.:non occidet ultra sol tuus,
Vulg. Isa. 60, 20.—Pregn., to fall, perish, die (class.;II. A.syn.: obeo, pereo, intereo): exstincto calore, occidimus ipsi et extinguimur,
Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:in bello,
id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:Eudemus proelians ad Syracusas occidit,
id. Div. 1, 25, 53:sperans hostium saevitiā facile eum occasurum,
Sall. J. 7, 2:occiderit ferro Priamus?
Verg. A. 2, 581: dextrā suā, to die by one's own hand (by suicide), id. ib. 12, 659:minimo vulnere,
Ov. M. 6, 265.—Of persons:B.sin plane occidimus,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 4.—So, esp., occidi, an exclamation of despair, I am lost, undone, Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 75; Ter. And. 3, 4, 26:nulla sum, nulla sum: tota tota occidi,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 1:occidimus funditus,
Verg. A. 11, 413.—Of things:3.non hercle occiderunt mihi etiam fundique atque aedes,
I have not yet lost, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 72:occidit spes nostra,
is gone, id. Most. 2, 1, 2:lumen (oculorum),
Lucr. 3, 414:dolus,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 6:causa,
Lucr. 2, 790:rem publicam occidere,
Cic. Dom. 30, 96:vita,
id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109:occidit ornatus (mundi),
perishes, id. Ac. 2, 38, 119:vestra beneficia occasura esse,
id. Mil. 36, 100.—Hence, occĭdens, entis, P. a.; as subst., m., the quarter of the setting sun, the west, the occident (class.):ab oriente ad occidentem,
Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:vel occidentis usque ad ultimum sinum,
Hor. Epod. 1, 13:cui se oriens occidensque submiserat,
Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 112:validissima in se civium arma viribus occidentis coepta,
Tac. H. 2, 6: partes mundi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 339 Müll.occīdo, for occedo, q. v. -
4 occido
1.occīdo ( obc-), cīdi, cīsum, 3 (occisit for occiderit, Lex Num. Pompil. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. occisum. pp. 178 and 179; also Lex XII. Tab. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4), v. a. [ob-caedo], to strike down, strike to the ground; to beat, smash, crush.I.Lit.A.In gen. (very rare):B.aliquem pugnis,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20:occare id est comminuere, ne sit glaeba: quod ita occidunt, occare dictum,
to crush, Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 1:occisum ad mortem,
wounded to death, Vulg. Apoc. 13, 3.—In partic., to strike or cut down; to cut off, kill, slay (class. and very freq.; syn.: interficio, trucido, obtrunco): summus ibi capitur meddix: occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Müll. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):II.L. Virginius filiam suā manu occidit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 66:ejus copias,
id. Phil. 14, 14, 36:ipse pro castris fortissime pugnans occiditur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 36: occidione occidere, to completely cut off, destroy; v. occidio:ad unum omnes,
to cut off all to the last man, Liv. 3, 23:aliquem veneno,
to destroy with poison, Suet. Claud. 44; Just. 3, 2, 1:occisus videtur non tantum qui per vim aut per caedem interfectus est, velut jugulatus... sed et is qui veneno Necatus dicitur,
Paul. Sent. 3, 5, 2 sqq.; cf.:et occidet eum lingua viperae,
Vulg. Job, 20, 16:occisa sunt in terrae motu,
id. Apoc. 11, 13:dedistine ei gladium qui se occideret?
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92: cum ipse se conaretur occidere, Cic. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 69; so,se occidere,
Curt. 6, 10, 18; Quint. 7, 3, 7; Suet. Vit. 10; Eutr. 1, 8; 6, 24; Lact. 3, 18, 8; cf.:occidit, adversariumne? immo vero aiunt se et eum, quem defendit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 74, 302.—Transf.A.To plague to death; to torture, torment, pester (cf. exanimo, II. B.; very rare;B.not in Cic. or Cæs.): occidis me, cum istuc rogitas,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 21:aliā occidis fabulā,
id. Men. 5, 5, 23:occidis saepe rogando,
Hor. Epod. 14, 5:legendo,
id. A. P. 475.—To ruin, undo:2. I.occidisti me tuis fallaciis,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 67.—Hence, oc-cīsus, a, um, P. a., ruined, lost, unfortunate, undone (Plautin.):occisa est haec res, nisi, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 7.— Sup.:occisissimus sum omnium, qui vivunt,
I am the most unfortunate, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 53.Lit.A.In gen. (rare):B.et alia Signa de caelo ad terram occidunt,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 8: ut alii [p. 1251] super alios occiderent, Liv. 21, 35:arbores ita inciderant, ut momento levi impulsae occiderent,
id. 23, 24.—In partic.1.Of the heavenly bodies, to go down, set (class.): prope jam occidente sole, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24:2.soles occidere, et redire possunt: Nobis, cum semel occidit brevis lux, Nox est perpetua una dormienda,
Cat. 5, 4:Capra, Aquila, Canicula,
Col. 11, 2, 94:occasura pars caeli,
i. e. western, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 92: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, i. e. sundown, sunset, Lex XII. Tab.; cf. Gell. 17, 2, 10 (Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Müll., gives, instead of it, OCCASVS SOLIS; v. 2. occasus); so,ante solem obcasum,
before sunset, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 41:donec lux occidat,
Juv. 13, 158.—Fig.:non occidet ultra sol tuus,
Vulg. Isa. 60, 20.—Pregn., to fall, perish, die (class.;II. A.syn.: obeo, pereo, intereo): exstincto calore, occidimus ipsi et extinguimur,
Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:in bello,
id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:Eudemus proelians ad Syracusas occidit,
id. Div. 1, 25, 53:sperans hostium saevitiā facile eum occasurum,
Sall. J. 7, 2:occiderit ferro Priamus?
Verg. A. 2, 581: dextrā suā, to die by one's own hand (by suicide), id. ib. 12, 659:minimo vulnere,
Ov. M. 6, 265.—Of persons:B.sin plane occidimus,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 4.—So, esp., occidi, an exclamation of despair, I am lost, undone, Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 75; Ter. And. 3, 4, 26:nulla sum, nulla sum: tota tota occidi,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 1:occidimus funditus,
Verg. A. 11, 413.—Of things:3.non hercle occiderunt mihi etiam fundique atque aedes,
I have not yet lost, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 72:occidit spes nostra,
is gone, id. Most. 2, 1, 2:lumen (oculorum),
Lucr. 3, 414:dolus,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 6:causa,
Lucr. 2, 790:rem publicam occidere,
Cic. Dom. 30, 96:vita,
id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109:occidit ornatus (mundi),
perishes, id. Ac. 2, 38, 119:vestra beneficia occasura esse,
id. Mil. 36, 100.—Hence, occĭdens, entis, P. a.; as subst., m., the quarter of the setting sun, the west, the occident (class.):ab oriente ad occidentem,
Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:vel occidentis usque ad ultimum sinum,
Hor. Epod. 1, 13:cui se oriens occidensque submiserat,
Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 112:validissima in se civium arma viribus occidentis coepta,
Tac. H. 2, 6: partes mundi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 339 Müll.occīdo, for occedo, q. v. -
5 desgraciado
adj.unfortunate, unlucky, fateful, ill-fated.f. & m.unfortunate, miserable, sorry fellow, poor wretch.past part.past participle of spanish verb: desgraciar.* * *1→ link=desgraciar desgraciar► adjetivo1 (sin suerte) unfortunate, unlucky2 (infeliz) unhappy► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 wretch, unfortunate person\ser un,-a pobre desgraciado,-a to be a poor devil* * *(f. - desgraciada)adj.* * *desgraciado, -a1. ADJ1) [persona] (=sin suerte) unlucky; (=infeliz) unhappy¡desgraciado de ti si lo haces! — you'd better not do that!, it'll be the worse for you if you do that!
2) [vida, existencia]¡qué desgraciada existencia la mía! — how wretched I am!
una vida desgraciada — a wretched life, a life of misery
3) [accidente, situación] unfortunate4) LAm (=asqueroso) lousy *2. SM / F1) (=infeliz) poor wretchla hizo una desgraciada — pey he put her in the family way, he brought shame upon her euf
2) (=miserable) swine ** * *I- da adjetivoa) [ser] ( infeliz) unhappyb) [ser] ( desafortunado) < viaje> ill-fatedc) ( desacertado) <elección/coincidencia> unfortunate, unwiseII- da masculino, femenino1) ( desdichado) wretch2) ( persona vil) swine (colloq)* * *= wretched, unhappy.Ex. A card catalog has the capability of being kept up to date, but it is a wretched way to make information available.Ex. In this unhappy pattern SLIS are not being singled out for especially harsh treatment.* * *I- da adjetivoa) [ser] ( infeliz) unhappyb) [ser] ( desafortunado) < viaje> ill-fatedc) ( desacertado) <elección/coincidencia> unfortunate, unwiseII- da masculino, femenino1) ( desdichado) wretch2) ( persona vil) swine (colloq)* * *= wretched, unhappy.Ex: A card catalog has the capability of being kept up to date, but it is a wretched way to make information available.
Ex: In this unhappy pattern SLIS are not being singled out for especially harsh treatment.* * *A1 [ SER] (infeliz) unhappyfue muy desgraciado en su matrimonio he was very unhappy in his marriagelleva una vida muy desgraciada she leads a miserable life2 [ SER](desafortunado): hay días afortunados y días desgraciados there are good days and bad daysfue un viaje desgraciado it was an ill-fated journeyser desgraciado en amores to be unlucky in love3 (desacertado) ‹elección› unfortunate, unwiseB [ SER] (vil) mean, nasty, horribleC (sin belleza) ill-favored*, unfortunate(sin gracia): ese vestido le queda muy desgraciado that dress doesn't do anything for her o is not at all flattering to hermasculine, feminineA (desdichado) wretchla pobre desgraciada the poor wretcholvídalo, no es más que un pobre desgraciado forget about him, he's nobody* * *
Del verbo desgraciar: ( conjugate desgraciar)
desgraciado es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
desgraciado
desgraciar
desgraciado◊ -da adjetivo
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
1 ( desdichado) wretch
2 ( persona vil) swine (colloq)
desgraciado,-a
I adjetivo
1 (sin suerte, desdichado) unfortunate: aquel fue un día desgraciado, that was a most unfortunate day
2 (sin felicidad) unhappy: una vida desgraciada, an unhappy life
3 (desacertado) unwise: regalarles un libro fue una elección desgraciada, it was a bad choice to give them a book
II sustantivo masculino y femenino
1 unfortunate person
un pobre desgraciado, a poor devil
2 pey ofens wretch, vile person: ese desgraciado me golpeó en la cabeza, that despicable person hit me on the head
' desgraciado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
desgraciada
- fatalidad
- infeliz
- pringada
- pringado
English:
miserable
- unfortunate
- unhappy
- wretch
* * *desgraciado, -a♦ adj1. [desafortunado] [día] ill-fated;[suceso, accidente, casualidad] unfortunate2. [desacertado] [intervención, elección] unfortunate, unhappy3. [sin suerte] unlucky;ser desgraciado en el amor to be unlucky in love4. [infeliz] unhappy;es muy desgraciado en su trabajo he's very unhappy in his work;llevar una vida desgraciada to lead an unhappy o a miserable life5. [canalla] rotten, nasty6. [sin atractivo] unprepossessing, unattractive;tiene un físico desgraciado she is physically unattractive♦ nm,f1. [persona sin suerte] born loser2. [infeliz] wretch;es un pobre desgraciado he's a poor wretch3. [canalla] swine;¡eres un desgraciado! you're a swine!;el muy desgraciado me robó el dinero the swine stole my money* * *I adj1 unfortunate2 ( miserable) wretchedII m, desgraciada f1 ( infeliz) wretch2 ( sinvergüenza) swine fam* * *desgraciado, -da adj1) : unfortunate, unlucky2) : vile, wretcheddesgraciado, -da n: unfortunate person, wretch* * *desgraciado adj¡mira que eres desgraciado! you're so unlucky!3. (trágico) tragic / unfortunate -
6 malheureux
malheureux, -euse [maløʀø, øz]1. adjectivea. ( = infortuné) unfortunateb. ( = regrettable) unfortunatec. ( = triste, qui souffre) unhappyd. ( = malchanceux: toujours après le nom) [candidat, tentative] unsuccessfule. ( = insignifiant: toujours avant le nom) wretched• toute une histoire pour un malheureux billet de 10 euros such a fuss about a wretched 10-euro note2. masculine noun, feminine noun( = infortuné) poor wretch ; ( = indigent) needy person• il a tout perdu ? le malheureux ! did he lose everything? the poor man!• ne fais pas cela, malheureux ! don't do that, you fool!* * *maløʀø, øz (-euse)1. adj1) (personne) miserableQu'est-ce que tu as? Tu as l'air malheureux. — What's wrong with you? You look miserable.
2) (événement) unfortunate3) (= malchanceux) unluckyavoir la main malheureuse (au jeu) — to be unlucky, (= tout casser) to be ham-fisted
4) (= insignifiant) wretched2. nm/f(= infortuné, misérable) poor soul, (= indigent, miséreux) unfortunate creature* * *malheureux, - euseA adj1 ( pas heureux) [personne, visage, vie] unhappy; ( plus fort) miserable; rendre qn malheureux to make sb unhappy; je suis malheureux de ne (pas) pouvoir I'm really unhappy that I can't; ne prends pas cet air malheureux! don't look so miserable; si c'est pas malheureux○ de voir/d'entendre isn't it awful to see/hear;2 ( à plaindre) [victime] unfortunate;3 ( marqué par la malchance) [candidat] unlucky (en in); [coïncidence] unfortunate; [passion] ill-fated; malheureux en affaires unlucky in business; être malheureux au jeu to be an unlucky gambler; ( aux cartes) to be unlucky at cards;4 ( regrettable) [mot, geste, choix] unfortunate; une initiative malheureuse an unfortunate move; c'est bien malheureux mais c'est comme ça it's very unfortunate but that's how it is; c'est malheureux que tu ne puisses pas venir it's a pity ou shame that you can't come; ‘j'ai fini!’-‘ce n'est pas malheureux○!’ ‘I've finished!’-‘about time too!’;5 ( négligeable) [somme] paltry, pathetic; pour trois malheureux euros for a paltry three euros; seulement dix malheureux visiteurs only a pathetic ten visitors.B nm,f1 ( personne peu chanceuse) le malheureux/la malheureuse a cru que… the poor man/the poor woman thought that…; il a souffert, le malheureux! he really went through it, poor man!; ne fais pas cela, malheureuse! don't do that, for heaven's sake;2 ( personne indigente) poor person; les malheureux the needy.être malheureux comme les pierres to be as miserable as sin; heureux au jeu, malheureux en amour Prov lucky at cards, unlucky in love Prov.( féminin malheureuse) [malɶrø, øz] adjectifje suis malheureux de ne pouvoir l'aider I feel sad ou wretched at not being able to help himn'y pense plus, tu ne fais que te rendre malheureux don't think about it any more, you're only making yourself miserableêtre malheureux comme une pierre ou les pierres to be dreadfully unhappyle candidat malheureux verra ses frais de déplacement remboursés the unsuccessful candidate will have his travel expenses paidil est malheureux au jeu/en amour he has no luck with gambling/womenla malheureuse femme ne savait rien de la catastrophe nobody had told the poor ou unfortunate ou wretched woman about the catastrophe4. [infructueux - initiative, effort] thwarted ; [ - amour] unrequited[malencontreux - tentative] unfortunate, ill-fated ; [ - conséquences] unfortunate, unhappy ; [ - incident] unfortunatepar un malheureux hasard by an unfortunate coincidence, as bad luck would have it5. (avant le nom) [insignifiant]pleurer ainsi pour un malheureux parapluie perdu/une malheureuse piqûre! all these tears for a stupid lost umbrella/a tiny little injection!6. [dans des tournures impersonnelles]il est malheureux que vous ne l'ayez pas rencontré it's unfortunate ou a pity ou a shame you didn't meet himce serait malheureux de ne pas en profiter it would be a pity ou shame not to take advantage of itc'est malheureux à dire, mais c'est la vérité it's an awful thing to say, but it's the truthc'est malheureux à dire, mais je m'ennuie I hate to say so but I'm boredsi c'est pas malheureux (de voir/d'entendre ça)! (familier) it's a (crying) shame (to see/to hear that)!————————, malheureuse [malɶrø, øz] nom masculin, nom fémininsecourir les malheureux to help the poor ou the needy ou those in needil est bien seul maintenant, le pauvre malheureux he's very much on his own now, the poor devilvous allez faire des malheureux avec votre nouvelle taxe you'll make some people (very) unhappy with your new taxattention, petit malheureux! careful, you wretched boy ou little wretch!qu'as-tu dit là, malheureux! honestly, what a thing to say! -
7 Ausdruck
m; -(e)s, Ausdrücke1. (Wort) word, term; (Redewendung) expression, phrase; idiomatischer Ausdruck idiomatic expression, idiom; ordinärer Ausdruck vulgar expression, vulgarism; technischer oder fachlicher Ausdruck technical term; veralteter Ausdruck obsolete expression, archaism; Ausdrücke gebrauchen use swearwords, curse; du sollst solche Ausdrücke nicht gebrauchen you shouldn’t use such language ( oder language like that); sie hat sich im Ausdruck vergriffen her choice of words was most unfortunate; ärgerlich? - das ist gar kein Ausdruck annoyed? - that’s putting it mildly!2. nur Sg. expression; einem Gefühl etc. Ausdruck geben oder verleihen put into words, give expression to, express; zum Ausdruck bringen express, voice; zum Ausdruck kommen be expressed, find expression, manifest itself (in + Dat in); der Erwartung Ausdruck geben, dass... express the hope that; als Ausdruck meiner Dankbarkeit as a sign ( oder token) of my gratitude; mit dem Ausdruck tiefen Bedauerns / Mitgefühls with deepest regret / sympathy; der Dreck hier ist Ausdruck unserer Einstellung zur Natur this mess is indicative of our attititude toward(s) nature3. meist Sg.; (Gesichtsausdruck) expression; ohne jeden Ausdruck in der Stimme: in a deadpan tone; er hat mit viel Ausdruck gesprochen he put a lot of expression into it ( oder his speech etc.)4. nur Sg. Ausdrucksweise—* * *der Ausdruck(Begriff) term; expression; phrase;(Drucker) printout;(Miene) expression;die Ausdruck(Mathematik) expression* * *Aus|druck Im pl - drücke1) no pl (= Gesichtsausdruck) expressionder Áúsdruck ihrer Gesichter — the expression(s) on their faces
2) no plals Áúsdruck meiner Dankbarkeit — as an expression of my gratitude
ohne jeden Áúsdruck singen/spielen — to sing/play without any expression
in seinen Worten/seinem Verhalten kam Mitleid zum Áúsdruck — his words expressed/his behaviour (Brit) or behavior (US) showed his sympathy
das ist gar kein Áúsdruck! — that's not the word for it
IIsich im Áúsdruck vergreifen — to use the wrong word
m pl - drucke(von Computer etc) printout, hard copyÁúsdruck in Datei (Druckoption) — print to file
* * *der1) enunciation2) (a look on one's face that shows one's feelings: He always has a bored expression on his face.) expression3) (a word or phrase: `Dough' is a slang expression for `money`.) expression4) ((a) showing of thoughts or feelings by words, actions etc: This poem is an expression of his grief.) expression5) (the showing of feeling when eg reciting, reading aloud or playing a musical instrument: Put more expression into your playing!) expression6) (a small group of words (usually without a finite verb) which forms part of an actual or implied sentence: He arrived after dinner.) phrase7) (a word or expression: Myopia is a medical term for short-sightedness.) term* * *Aus·druck1<- drücke>m1. (Bezeichnung) expressiones gibt einen bestimmten \Ausdruck dafür there's a certain word for itein schwäbischer \Ausdruck a Swabian turn of phrase a. hum▪ der/ein/als \Ausdruck seiner Dankbarkeit/Liebe gen the/an/as an expression of one's gratitude/loveetw zum \Ausdruck bringen, einer S. dat \Ausdruck geben [o verleihen] (geh) to express [or give expression to] sthseine Dankbarkeit zum \Ausdruck bringen to voice [or express] one's gratitude, to give expression to one's gratitudein seinen Worten kam Mitleid zum \Ausdruck his words expressed his sympathygewandt im \Ausdruck sein to have an elegant mode of expressionsich akk im \Ausdruck vergreifen to use the wrong approach; (kompliziert ausdrücken) to use long words5. MATH expression, termAus·druck2<- drucke>m [computer] print-out, hard copy spec* * *Ider; Ausdruck[e]s, Ausdrücke1) expressionzum Ausdruck kommen — be expressed; find expression
etwas zum Ausdruck bringen — express something; give expression to something
einer Sache (Dat.) Ausdruck geben od. verleihen — (geh.) express something
du hast dich im Ausdruck vergriffen — your choice of words is most unfortunate
IIdumm/ärgerlich usw. ist gar kein Ausdruck — stupid/angry etc. isn't the word for it
der; Ausdruck[e]s, Ausdrucke (Nachrichtenw., DV) print out* * *Ausdruck1 m; -(e)s, Ausdrückeidiomatischer Ausdruck idiomatic expression, idiom;ordinärer Ausdruck vulgar expression, vulgarism;fachlicher Ausdruck technical term;veralteter Ausdruck obsolete expression, archaism;Ausdrücke gebrauchen use swearwords, curse;du sollst solche Ausdrücke nicht gebrauchen you shouldn’t use such language ( oder language like that);sie hat sich im Ausdruck vergriffen her choice of words was most unfortunate;2. nur sg expression;einem Gefühl etcverleihen put into words, give expression to, express;zum Ausdruck bringen express, voice;zum Ausdruck kommen be expressed, find expression, manifest itself (in +dat in);der Erwartung Ausdruck geben, dass … express the hope that;als Ausdruck meiner Dankbarkeit as a sign ( oder token) of my gratitude;mit dem Ausdruck tiefen Bedauerns/Mitgefühls with deepest regret/sympathy;der Dreck hier ist Ausdruck unserer Einstellung zur Natur this mess is indicative of our attititude toward(s) natureohne jeden Ausdruck in der Stimme: in a deadpan tone;Ausdruck2 m; -(e)s, -e; IT printout* * *Ider; Ausdruck[e]s, Ausdrücke1) expressionzum Ausdruck kommen — be expressed; find expression
etwas zum Ausdruck bringen — express something; give expression to something
einer Sache (Dat.) Ausdruck geben od. verleihen — (geh.) express something
2) (Wort) expression; (Terminus) termIIdumm/ärgerlich usw. ist gar kein Ausdruck — stupid/angry etc. isn't the word for it
der; Ausdruck[e]s, Ausdrucke (Nachrichtenw., DV) print out* * *-e m.hard copy n.printout n. -¨e m.expression n.phrase n.term n.verbalism n. -
8 resaltar
v.1 to highlight.Ella destaca sus logros She highlights his achievements.2 to stand out.3 to stick out (en edificios) (balcón).4 to project out, to stand out, to jut out, to project.La cornisa sobresale mucho The cornice juts out too much.5 to flatter.* * *1 (sobresalir) to project, jut out2 figurado (distinguirse) to stand out (de, from)1 to highlight, stress, emphasize\hacer resaltar to emphasize, stress, highlight* * *verb1) to stand out2) stress* * *1. VI1) (=destacarse) to stand outhacer resaltar algo — to set sth off; (fig) to highlight sth
la encuesta hace resaltar el descontento con el sistema educativo — the survey highlights the dissatisfaction with the education system
2) (=sobresalir) to jut out, project2.VT (=destacar) to highlightel conferenciante resaltó el problema del paro — the speaker highlighted the problem of unemployment
quiero resaltar la dedicación de nuestros empleados — I would like to draw particular attention to the dedication of our staff
* * *1.verbo intransitivo1) (sobresalir, destacarse) to stand out2)2.hacer resaltar — < color> to bring out; <importancia/necesidad> to highlight, stress
resaltar vt <cualidad/rasgo> to highlight; <importancia/necesidad> to highlight, stress* * *= bring into + focus, bring out, conspicuousness, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], enhance, highlight, stress, underscore, illuminate, accentuate, heighten, play up, attract + attention, stand out, foreground, be to the fore, bring to + the fore, come to + the fore, give + highlights, spotlight, bring to + the forefront, point up, create + a high profile for, give + a high profile, have + high profile, bring + attention to, make + a point of + Gerundio, point to, make + Reflexivo + conspicuous, flag + Nombre + up, celebrate, stand + proud.Ex. These should be used to speed up our processing, but the important thing is that we bring out the essential parts of a work and give all the possible entries to identify the work.Ex. One of the most cited shortcomings of mobile advice centres, that their conspicuousness deters people from using them, does not seem to have been a problem.Ex. Analytical cataloguing aims to emphasise the content of documents, rather than relying entirely upon cataloguing whole works.Ex. An introduction explaining the nature and scope of the indexing language will enhance its value.Ex. In each case the object of the discussion will be to highlight what appear to be the significant aspects, particularly those concerning the background which affect the nature of the scheme.Ex. However, it must be stressed that these problems are still in the future.Ex. All I wanted to underscore with these four horror stories is that the judicious, discretionary assignment of added entries can either powerfully inhibit or promote access to the documents.Ex. This appraisal attempts to illuminate aspects of Irish library history omitted from international reference works.Ex. However, future trends may tend to accentuate this division.Ex. Automated support services have heightened the sense of interdependency between libraries and vendors.Ex. A long-standing but unfortunate tradition plays up antagonism between those librarians who become catalogers and those who opt for reference or public service.Ex. A few minutes spent with teacher and pupils talking about books conversationally in a by-the-way fashion serves the double purpose of preparing the right set of mind for reading while at the same time attracting attention to books that might be enjoyed.Ex. Three national library catalogues stand out as highly important sources of general bibliography.Ex. His survey of how such poetry has been edited in recent years, however, shows that a single edition is still foregrounded while other editions are only obliquely indicated via footnotes.Ex. Those countries which were already to the fore in science and technology certainly faced problems in the handling of information.Ex. Installation of new computer terminals may bring the problem to the fore.Ex. As this table shows, the age profile for all borrowers is very close to that of all adults in the country but when one looks at the more frequent users, the regular borrowers, the older people come more to the fore.Ex. This article gives highlights of a trade show on the applications of optical information systems in publishing organised by Learned Information and held in New York City, 15-17 Oct 86.Ex. This article spotlights the role that authority files play in promoting uniformity of cataloguing practice.Ex. This theft of valuable letters and documents brings to the forefront, once again, the question of collection security in the nation's archives.Ex. The obvious first line of defence is for librarians, agents and journal publishers to join forces to point up the decline in library provision.Ex. This article pesents an interview with George Cunningham who sees his role as creating a high profile for the library profession and fostering a love of books.Ex. Before the launch of Penguin Books India in 1987, trade publishing in English in India did not have the high profile in bookstores it has today..Ex. In crisp, economical prose, the journal calmly brought attention to the nooks and crannies, and absurdities of university life, concerning itself with both the idiosyncratic and the profound.Ex. Reference librarians shouldy make a point of constantly reminding themselves that serving these needs is what they are doing.Ex. This article points to economically feasible and communication-based indexing methods which fit the potentials of current information technology.Ex. Even so, birds must balance the benefits of flashy feathers with the risks of making themselves conspicuous to sharp-eyed predators.Ex. If you spot an error then flag it up to your bank promptly and insist they take action to rectify it.Ex. Were we to allow ourselves to be enticed by it, we should be celebrating our Bicentennial by a return to the pre-Panizzi days in cataloging.Ex. Even now, hundreds of years after his death, his timepieces stand proud in historic buildings around the world.----* es de resaltar que = significantly.* hacer resaltar = set off.* hacer resaltar las mejores cualidades de = bring out + the best in.* instrumento para resaltar = spotlight.* modo de resaltar = spotlight.* resaltar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).* resaltar la importancia = underscore + importance.* resaltar la importancia de = stress + the importance of, emphasise + the importance of, highlight + the importance of.* resaltar la necesidad = stress + the need.* resaltar la necesidad de = imprint + the need for.* resaltar lo que Uno quiere decir = drive + home + Posesivo + point.* * *1.verbo intransitivo1) (sobresalir, destacarse) to stand out2)2.hacer resaltar — < color> to bring out; <importancia/necesidad> to highlight, stress
resaltar vt <cualidad/rasgo> to highlight; <importancia/necesidad> to highlight, stress* * *= bring into + focus, bring out, conspicuousness, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], enhance, highlight, stress, underscore, illuminate, accentuate, heighten, play up, attract + attention, stand out, foreground, be to the fore, bring to + the fore, come to + the fore, give + highlights, spotlight, bring to + the forefront, point up, create + a high profile for, give + a high profile, have + high profile, bring + attention to, make + a point of + Gerundio, point to, make + Reflexivo + conspicuous, flag + Nombre + up, celebrate, stand + proud.Ex: The current technological scene is reviewed to bring fee-related issues into sharper focus.
Ex: These should be used to speed up our processing, but the important thing is that we bring out the essential parts of a work and give all the possible entries to identify the work.Ex: One of the most cited shortcomings of mobile advice centres, that their conspicuousness deters people from using them, does not seem to have been a problem.Ex: Analytical cataloguing aims to emphasise the content of documents, rather than relying entirely upon cataloguing whole works.Ex: An introduction explaining the nature and scope of the indexing language will enhance its value.Ex: In each case the object of the discussion will be to highlight what appear to be the significant aspects, particularly those concerning the background which affect the nature of the scheme.Ex: However, it must be stressed that these problems are still in the future.Ex: All I wanted to underscore with these four horror stories is that the judicious, discretionary assignment of added entries can either powerfully inhibit or promote access to the documents.Ex: This appraisal attempts to illuminate aspects of Irish library history omitted from international reference works.Ex: However, future trends may tend to accentuate this division.Ex: Automated support services have heightened the sense of interdependency between libraries and vendors.Ex: A long-standing but unfortunate tradition plays up antagonism between those librarians who become catalogers and those who opt for reference or public service.Ex: A few minutes spent with teacher and pupils talking about books conversationally in a by-the-way fashion serves the double purpose of preparing the right set of mind for reading while at the same time attracting attention to books that might be enjoyed.Ex: Three national library catalogues stand out as highly important sources of general bibliography.Ex: His survey of how such poetry has been edited in recent years, however, shows that a single edition is still foregrounded while other editions are only obliquely indicated via footnotes.Ex: Those countries which were already to the fore in science and technology certainly faced problems in the handling of information.Ex: Installation of new computer terminals may bring the problem to the fore.Ex: As this table shows, the age profile for all borrowers is very close to that of all adults in the country but when one looks at the more frequent users, the regular borrowers, the older people come more to the fore.Ex: This article gives highlights of a trade show on the applications of optical information systems in publishing organised by Learned Information and held in New York City, 15-17 Oct 86.Ex: This article spotlights the role that authority files play in promoting uniformity of cataloguing practice.Ex: This theft of valuable letters and documents brings to the forefront, once again, the question of collection security in the nation's archives.Ex: The obvious first line of defence is for librarians, agents and journal publishers to join forces to point up the decline in library provision.Ex: This article pesents an interview with George Cunningham who sees his role as creating a high profile for the library profession and fostering a love of books.Ex: The course gives information technology a very high profile.Ex: Before the launch of Penguin Books India in 1987, trade publishing in English in India did not have the high profile in bookstores it has today..Ex: In crisp, economical prose, the journal calmly brought attention to the nooks and crannies, and absurdities of university life, concerning itself with both the idiosyncratic and the profound.Ex: Reference librarians shouldy make a point of constantly reminding themselves that serving these needs is what they are doing.Ex: This article points to economically feasible and communication-based indexing methods which fit the potentials of current information technology.Ex: Even so, birds must balance the benefits of flashy feathers with the risks of making themselves conspicuous to sharp-eyed predators.Ex: If you spot an error then flag it up to your bank promptly and insist they take action to rectify it.Ex: Were we to allow ourselves to be enticed by it, we should be celebrating our Bicentennial by a return to the pre-Panizzi days in cataloging.Ex: Even now, hundreds of years after his death, his timepieces stand proud in historic buildings around the world.* es de resaltar que = significantly.* hacer resaltar = set off.* hacer resaltar las mejores cualidades de = bring out + the best in.* instrumento para resaltar = spotlight.* modo de resaltar = spotlight.* resaltar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).* resaltar la importancia = underscore + importance.* resaltar la importancia de = stress + the importance of, emphasise + the importance of, highlight + the importance of.* resaltar la necesidad = stress + the need.* resaltar la necesidad de = imprint + the need for.* resaltar lo que Uno quiere decir = drive + home + Posesivo + point.* * *resaltar [A1 ]viA (sobresalir, destacarse) to stand outresaltaban sus grandes ojos negros the most striking thing about her was her big dark eyesBhacer resaltar ‹color› to bring out;‹importancia/necesidad› to highlight, stress, emphasize■ resaltarvt‹cualidad/rasgo› to highlight; ‹importancia/necesidad› to highlight, stress, emphasizequiso resaltar que … he wanted to stress o emphasize (the fact) that …* * *
resaltar ( conjugate resaltar) verbo intransitivo (sobresalir, destacarse) to stand out;
‹importancia/necesidad› to highlight, stress
verbo transitivo ‹cualidad/importancia/necesidad› to highlight
resaltar
I verbo intransitivo
1 (destacar) to stand out: resalta entre sus amigos por su sensatez, he stands out from his friends because of his good sense
2 (en una construcción) to project, jut out: la nueva torre resalta entre las casas bajas, the new building stands out above the houses
II verbo transitivo
1 (realzar) to enhance, bring out: este vestido resalta tu figura, this dress shows off your figure
2 (acentuar, hacer más visible) to emphasize: su inmadurez resalta la diferencia de edad, his immaturity accentuates the difference in age
es preciso resaltar sus rasgos originales, we should stress her unusual features
' resaltar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
marcar
- acentuar
- pronunciar
- sobresalir
English:
emphasize
- set off
- show off
- show up
- stick out
- accentuate
- bring
- set
- show
- stand
- stick
* * *♦ vi1. [destacar] to stand out;resalta en el equipo por su velocidad he stands out as one of the fastest players in the team2. [en edificios] [cornisa, ventana] to stick out♦ vt[destacar] to highlight;hacer resaltar algo to emphasize sth, to stress sth;el orador resaltó la contribución del difunto a la ciencia the speaker highlighted the contribution to science made by the deceased* * *I v/t highlight, stressII v/i ARQUI jut out; figstand out* * *resaltar vi1) sobresalir: to stand out2)hacer resaltar : to bring out, to highlightresaltar vt: to stress, to emphasize* * *resaltar vb3. (subrayar) to stress -
9 rechazar
v.1 to reject.el gobierno rechazó las acusaciones de corrupción the government rejected o denied the accusations of corruptionEllos rechazan el grano malo They reject the bad grain.2 to push away (repeler) (a una persona).3 to reject (medicine) (órgano).4 to clear (sport).el portero rechazó la pelota y la mandó fuera the goalkeeper tipped the ball out of play5 to refuse, to pass up, to decline, to disregard.Ellos rechazan el café They refuse the coffee.6 to refuse to.Ellos rechazan comprar eso They refuse to buy that.7 to turn one's back on.8 to dishonor, to refuse to accept, to repudiate, to disavow.Ellos rechazan el reconocimiento They dishonor the recognition.* * *1 (gen) to reject, turn down, refuse2 (ataque) to repel, repulse, drive back3 MEDICINA to reject* * *verb1) to reject, decline2) refuse* * *VT1) [+ persona] to push away; [+ ataque] to repel, beat off; [+ enemigo] to drive back2) [+ acusación, idea] to reject; [+ oferta] to turn down, refuse; [+ tentación] to resist3) [+ luz] to reflect; [+ agua] to throw off4) (Med) [+ órgano] to reject* * *verbo transitivoa) <invitación/propuesta/individuo> to reject; <moción/enmienda> to defeat; <oferta/trabajo> to turn downb) <ataque/enemigo> to repel, repulsec) (Med) < órgano> to reject* * *= condemn, decline, discard, eschew, reject, set + aside, flinch at/from, refuse, negative, discountenance, repulse, shun, be hostile to, ditch, renounce, snub, nix, defeat, disavow, deselect, turn down, spurn, repudiate, fight off, hold off, dismiss with + the wave of the hand, fend off, overrule, push aside, turn + Nombre + away.Ex. It must, however, also be considered as a major source of the 'subject index illusion' so trenchantly condemned by Bliss, as mentioned below.Ex. The title 'Unsolicited marginal gift collections: saying no or coping with the unwanted' deals with the problem of how to cope with collections which should have been declined, but were not.Ex. The dates should be checked regularly and updated so that old dates are discarded and new ones entered.Ex. However, most contributors to the debate about the future of SLIS have eschewed practicalities in favour of sweeping and dramatic generalizations.Ex. Any reliance on principles alone is rejected, and an attempt is made to codify experience.Ex. Such championship cannot be lightly set aside, nevertheless it is now quiet certain that 'bibliography', incorrect and unfortunate as it may be, is here to stay and the situation must be accepted.Ex. It is increasingly obvious that we are as a nation one and indivisible, that divisive tendencies are a thing of the past, but there are still too many inheritors of the old indifference, and who flinch at co-operation as at an evil.Ex. In this novel, if you remember, Henry Crawford, having been refused by the heroine Fanny, goes off and elopes with an old flame, Mrs Rushworth.Ex. Bough negatived the suggestion instantly.Ex. Balzac discountenanced virtually every idea Hernandez and children's librarian, Kate Lespran, had the courage to suggest.Ex. Leforte blew forth a long breath, as if trying to repulse the oppressive heat of the September morning.Ex. Traditionally these books have been shunned because of their fragile nature, but librarians are finding that a small collection can enliven story times.Ex. Although he recognized the need for some forms of synthesis, Bliss was hostile to the idea of complete analysis and synthesis put forward by Ranganathan.Ex. It is time that higher education institutions accepted the wisdom of collaboration and ditched, once and for all, the rhetoric of competition = Ya es hora de que las instituciones de enseñanza superior acepten la colaboración y rechacen, de una vez por todas, la competitividad.Ex. 'Classification by attraction', i.e. the placing of a subject as the most concrete element represented in it, without regard to the basic discipline concerned, is renounced = Se rechaza la "Clasificación por atracción", es decir, la asignación de una materia según el elemento más concreto representado en ella, sin tener en cuenta la disciplina en cuestión.Ex. Some black librarian see little progress towards race-neutral attitudes and finds themselves either directly or indirectly snubbed, patronised or completely ignored by users as well as staff members.Ex. This play was nixed by school officials on the grounds that the subject of sweatshops was not appropriate for that age group.Ex. The author focuses on the campaign of the Idaho Library Association to defeat this initiative.Ex. Feminists disavow biology & biologists who reduce human biology to anatomy.Ex. There is a need to provide public access to the Internet and to develop guidelines for selecting and deselecting appropriate resources.Ex. Public school, strapped for cash, find offers from advertising revenue hard to turn down.Ex. The government seems to spurns the architecture profession and there is a growing rift between architects who assert their utility and those who cleave to artistic prerogatives.Ex. The author attempts to repudiate Cherniavsky's argument to show that machine intelligence cannot equal human intelligence.Ex. These pillboxes were originally built to help fight off a Nazi invasion.Ex. A dam at the Strait of Gibraltar could be constructed to limit the outflow and reverse the climate deterioration, thus holding off the next ice age.Ex. International 'rules' are often dismissed with the wave of the hand or a snort of contempt one week, and gilded and placed on a pedestal the next.Ex. During the rutting season, they are used to fend off other males in an attempt to gather a harem of females to breed with.Ex. President Eisenhower overruled some of his military commanders in summer 1958, ordering them not to use nuclear weapons against China.Ex. She's just an airheaded bimbo, with an endless capacity to push aside unpleasant realities in favor of her more satisfying interests: young men and jewels.Ex. They will be patrolling in plain clothes to spot doormen who turn away people apparently on the basis of their ethnicity.----* cheque + ser rechazado = cheque + bounce.* rechazar Algo/Alguien = turn + Nombre + down.* rechazar la responsabilidad = disclaim + responsibility.* rechazarse = go by + the board.* rechazar sin más = dismiss + out of hand.* rechazar una hipótesis = reject + hypothesis, negate + hypothesis.* rechazar una idea = turn + idea + down.* rechazar una ley = defeat + legislation.* rechazar una moción = defeat + motion.* rechazar una sugerencia = turn + idea + down.* * *verbo transitivoa) <invitación/propuesta/individuo> to reject; <moción/enmienda> to defeat; <oferta/trabajo> to turn downb) <ataque/enemigo> to repel, repulsec) (Med) < órgano> to reject* * *= condemn, decline, discard, eschew, reject, set + aside, flinch at/from, refuse, negative, discountenance, repulse, shun, be hostile to, ditch, renounce, snub, nix, defeat, disavow, deselect, turn down, spurn, repudiate, fight off, hold off, dismiss with + the wave of the hand, fend off, overrule, push aside, turn + Nombre + away.Ex: It must, however, also be considered as a major source of the 'subject index illusion' so trenchantly condemned by Bliss, as mentioned below.
Ex: The title 'Unsolicited marginal gift collections: saying no or coping with the unwanted' deals with the problem of how to cope with collections which should have been declined, but were not.Ex: The dates should be checked regularly and updated so that old dates are discarded and new ones entered.Ex: However, most contributors to the debate about the future of SLIS have eschewed practicalities in favour of sweeping and dramatic generalizations.Ex: Any reliance on principles alone is rejected, and an attempt is made to codify experience.Ex: Such championship cannot be lightly set aside, nevertheless it is now quiet certain that 'bibliography', incorrect and unfortunate as it may be, is here to stay and the situation must be accepted.Ex: It is increasingly obvious that we are as a nation one and indivisible, that divisive tendencies are a thing of the past, but there are still too many inheritors of the old indifference, and who flinch at co-operation as at an evil.Ex: In this novel, if you remember, Henry Crawford, having been refused by the heroine Fanny, goes off and elopes with an old flame, Mrs Rushworth.Ex: Bough negatived the suggestion instantly.Ex: Balzac discountenanced virtually every idea Hernandez and children's librarian, Kate Lespran, had the courage to suggest.Ex: Leforte blew forth a long breath, as if trying to repulse the oppressive heat of the September morning.Ex: Traditionally these books have been shunned because of their fragile nature, but librarians are finding that a small collection can enliven story times.Ex: Although he recognized the need for some forms of synthesis, Bliss was hostile to the idea of complete analysis and synthesis put forward by Ranganathan.Ex: It is time that higher education institutions accepted the wisdom of collaboration and ditched, once and for all, the rhetoric of competition = Ya es hora de que las instituciones de enseñanza superior acepten la colaboración y rechacen, de una vez por todas, la competitividad.Ex: 'Classification by attraction', i.e. the placing of a subject as the most concrete element represented in it, without regard to the basic discipline concerned, is renounced = Se rechaza la "Clasificación por atracción", es decir, la asignación de una materia según el elemento más concreto representado en ella, sin tener en cuenta la disciplina en cuestión.Ex: Some black librarian see little progress towards race-neutral attitudes and finds themselves either directly or indirectly snubbed, patronised or completely ignored by users as well as staff members.Ex: This play was nixed by school officials on the grounds that the subject of sweatshops was not appropriate for that age group.Ex: The author focuses on the campaign of the Idaho Library Association to defeat this initiative.Ex: Feminists disavow biology & biologists who reduce human biology to anatomy.Ex: There is a need to provide public access to the Internet and to develop guidelines for selecting and deselecting appropriate resources.Ex: Public school, strapped for cash, find offers from advertising revenue hard to turn down.Ex: The government seems to spurns the architecture profession and there is a growing rift between architects who assert their utility and those who cleave to artistic prerogatives.Ex: The author attempts to repudiate Cherniavsky's argument to show that machine intelligence cannot equal human intelligence.Ex: These pillboxes were originally built to help fight off a Nazi invasion.Ex: A dam at the Strait of Gibraltar could be constructed to limit the outflow and reverse the climate deterioration, thus holding off the next ice age.Ex: International 'rules' are often dismissed with the wave of the hand or a snort of contempt one week, and gilded and placed on a pedestal the next.Ex: During the rutting season, they are used to fend off other males in an attempt to gather a harem of females to breed with.Ex: President Eisenhower overruled some of his military commanders in summer 1958, ordering them not to use nuclear weapons against China.Ex: She's just an airheaded bimbo, with an endless capacity to push aside unpleasant realities in favor of her more satisfying interests: young men and jewels.Ex: They will be patrolling in plain clothes to spot doormen who turn away people apparently on the basis of their ethnicity.* cheque + ser rechazado = cheque + bounce.* rechazar Algo/Alguien = turn + Nombre + down.* rechazar la responsabilidad = disclaim + responsibility.* rechazarse = go by + the board.* rechazar sin más = dismiss + out of hand.* rechazar una hipótesis = reject + hypothesis, negate + hypothesis.* rechazar una idea = turn + idea + down.* rechazar una ley = defeat + legislation.* rechazar una moción = defeat + motion.* rechazar una sugerencia = turn + idea + down.* * *rechazar [A4 ]vt1 ‹invitación/propuesta› to reject; ‹oferta/trabajo› to turn downla moción fue rechazada the motion was defeatedrechazó su proposición de matrimonio she rejected o turned down his proposal of marriagese sienten rechazados por la sociedad they feel rejected by society2 ‹ataque/enemigo› to repel, repulse3 ‹luz› to reflect4 ( Med) ‹órgano› to reject* * *
rechazar ( conjugate rechazar) verbo transitivo
‹moción/enmienda› to defeat;
‹oferta/trabajo› to turn down
rechazar verbo transitivo
1 (una idea, un plan, a una persona) to reject
(oferta, contrato) to turn down
2 Med (un órgano) to reject
3 Mil to repel
' rechazar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
barrer
- declinar
- negar
- definitivamente
- desechar
- despreciar
- plano
English:
beat off
- brush off
- decline
- defeat
- deny
- disallow
- dismiss
- fend off
- fight off
- head-hunt
- offer
- refuse
- reject
- repudiate
- repulse
- shun
- snub
- spurn
- stave off
- sweep aside
- turn away
- turn down
- ward off
- wave aside
- fend
- fight
- hand
- over
- parry
- rebuff
- repel
- throw
- turn
- ward
- wave
* * *rechazar vt1. [no aceptar] to reject;[oferta, invitación] to turn down, to reject2. [negar] to deny;el gobierno rechazó las acusaciones de corrupción the government rejected o denied the accusations of corruption;rechazó que vaya a presentarse a la presidencia he denied that he was going to run for the presidency3. [órgano] to reject;el paciente rechazó el órgano the patient rejected the organ4. [repeler] [a una persona] to push away;[a atacantes] to drive back, to repel;rechazaron el ataque de los enemigos they repelled the enemy attack5. Dep to clear;el portero rechazó la pelota y la mandó fuera the goalkeeper tipped the ball out of play* * *v/t reject; MIL repel* * *rechazar {21} vt1) : to reject2) : to turn down, to refuse* * *rechazar vb to reject / to turn down -
10 atacar
v.1 to attack.esta enfermedad ataca el sistema respiratorio this disease attacks the respiratory systemEl general atacó al pueblo The general attacked the village.Ese grupo ataca siempre That group attacks always.2 to attack (sport).3 to attack.4 to corrode.5 to tackle, to attack, to try to solve.El grupo ataca los problemas The group tackles problems.* * *1 (gen) to attack2 (criticar) to attack, criticize3 (afectar) to attack, affect\atacar los nervios to get on one's nerves* * *verb* * *1. VT1) [+ enemigo, ciudad, fortaleza] to attack2) (Med, Quím) [enfermedad, plaga, sustancia] to attackeste niño me ataca los nervios — * that child gets on my nerves *
3) (=criticar) [+ teoría, planteamiento, propuesta] to attack4) (=combatir) [+ problema] to tackle, combatse pretende atacar el desempleo — the aim is to tackle o combat unemployment
pretenden atacar la epidemia de meningitis — they aim to tackle o combat the meningitis epidemic
5) (=abordar)tengo que atacar a las matemáticas — * I'll have to get stuck into my maths *
¿puedo atacar al pastel? — * can I get stuck into the cake? *
2.VI to attack3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) <país/enemigo/ideas> to attack2) ácido/virus/enfermedad to attack3)a) ( combatir) <problema/enfermedad> to attackb) ( acometer) < tarea> to tackle; < pieza musical> to launch intoc) (Ven fam) ( cortejar) to go after2.atacar vi to attack* * *= attack, set about, assail, make + attack, bash, storm, assault, argue against, mount + attack, come under + attack, go to + bat against, maul, hit out (at/against).Ex. Soon afterwards he got up and wanted to attack me again.Ex. I shall not quickly forget being halted in full flight by the explosive entrance of a lecturer who, without pause for reflection or apology, set about an unfortunate student for not being at a tutorial.Ex. It's ridiculous to assail people who are making a code for abandoning all the principles which have been going strong for 100 years.Ex. This has led David Beminghausen in the United States to make the most outspoken attack on those who are trying to influence the role of the American Library Association.Ex. Newspapers took advantage of the accident to attack or ' bash' the nuclear industry or nuclear power in general.Ex. On October 6, 1976, an angry mob stormed the university to attack students who seemed to threaten the nation.Ex. Throughout history the cultural world has been assaulted in various ways which leads to the need for a process of cultural repair.Ex. Some teachers argue against book clubs, claiming that they bring together only a certain kind of avid reader, the literary equivalent of the religiously effete and over-pious.Ex. Their aim was to mount a spirited attack on a consumer driven and marketeers' approach to reading and books, and on relativism and populism.Ex. The article has the title 'The minority press goes to bat against segregated baseball'.Ex. After being mauled by a tiger the two elephants were sedated with hydrochloride for surgical dressing of the wounds.Ex. She has hit out at rumours that she is a man-eater.----* animal que ataca al hombre = man-eater.* atacar a = take + a swipe at, swipe, lash out at/against/on, have + a go at.* atacar con = urge against.* atacar en grupo = swarm.* atacar primero = preemptive strike.* atacar un síntoma = attack + symptom.* ser atacado = be under attack, come under + fire.* * *1.verbo transitivo1) <país/enemigo/ideas> to attack2) ácido/virus/enfermedad to attack3)a) ( combatir) <problema/enfermedad> to attackb) ( acometer) < tarea> to tackle; < pieza musical> to launch intoc) (Ven fam) ( cortejar) to go after2.atacar vi to attack* * *= attack, set about, assail, make + attack, bash, storm, assault, argue against, mount + attack, come under + attack, go to + bat against, maul, hit out (at/against).Ex: Soon afterwards he got up and wanted to attack me again.
Ex: I shall not quickly forget being halted in full flight by the explosive entrance of a lecturer who, without pause for reflection or apology, set about an unfortunate student for not being at a tutorial.Ex: It's ridiculous to assail people who are making a code for abandoning all the principles which have been going strong for 100 years.Ex: This has led David Beminghausen in the United States to make the most outspoken attack on those who are trying to influence the role of the American Library Association.Ex: Newspapers took advantage of the accident to attack or ' bash' the nuclear industry or nuclear power in general.Ex: On October 6, 1976, an angry mob stormed the university to attack students who seemed to threaten the nation.Ex: Throughout history the cultural world has been assaulted in various ways which leads to the need for a process of cultural repair.Ex: Some teachers argue against book clubs, claiming that they bring together only a certain kind of avid reader, the literary equivalent of the religiously effete and over-pious.Ex: Their aim was to mount a spirited attack on a consumer driven and marketeers' approach to reading and books, and on relativism and populism.Ex: This bipartite approach has recently come under heavy attack.Ex: The article has the title 'The minority press goes to bat against segregated baseball'.Ex: After being mauled by a tiger the two elephants were sedated with hydrochloride for surgical dressing of the wounds.Ex: She has hit out at rumours that she is a man-eater.* animal que ataca al hombre = man-eater.* atacar a = take + a swipe at, swipe, lash out at/against/on, have + a go at.* atacar con = urge against.* atacar en grupo = swarm.* atacar primero = preemptive strike.* atacar un síntoma = attack + symptom.* ser atacado = be under attack, come under + fire.* * *atacar [A2 ]vtA1 ‹país/enemigo› to attackla atacó por la espalda he attacked her from behindsu adversario lo atacó por sorpresa his opponent caught him off guard o took him by surprise2 (verbalmente) ‹ideas/persona› to attackdeja de atacarme continuamente stop attacking me o ( colloq) getting at me all the timeB «sustancia» to attack; «virus/enfermedad» to attackel ácido ataca el mármol the acid attacks the marbleataca el sistema nervioso it attacks the nervous systemme atacaron unos dolores de cabeza terribles I suffered o got terrible headachesme atacó el sueño I was suddenly overcome by sleep, I suddenly felt very sleepyC1 (combatir) ‹problema/enfermedad› to attackatacar las causas del problema to attack the causes of the problemeste problema hay que atacarlo de raíz we need to attack the root of this problem2 (acometer) ‹tarea› to tackle; ‹pieza musical› to launch intoJulio está atacando a Luisa Julio's after Luisa ( colloq), Julio's trying to get Luisa to go out with himD (en un cañón) to ram■ atacarvito attack■ atacarse* * *
atacar ( conjugate atacar) verbo transitivo
to attack
atacar verbo transitivo to attack, assault
♦ Locuciones: familiar atacar los nervios, to lose one's cool
' atacar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cargar
- diferente
- arremeter
- asaltar
- detrás
- disponer
English:
assault
- attack
- boot
- charge
- fire
- go at
- go for
- hit out
- lay into
- savage
- set on
- set upon
- strike
- turn on
- blast
- blitz
- hit
- jump
- lash
- maul
- mob
- move
- set
- slam
- tuck
- turn
* * *♦ vt1. [con violencia] to attack2. Dep to attack3. [criticar] to attack;su propuesta fue atacada por los asistentes her proposal was attacked by those present4. [afectar]le atacó la risa/fiebre he had a fit of laughter/a bout of fever;me atacó el sueño I suddenly felt very sleepysu impuntualidad me ataca los nervios his unpunctuality gets on my nerves6. [emprender] to launch into;el tenor atacó el aria con entusiasmo the tenor launched into the aria with gusto;los ciclistas atacaron la última subida con gran energía the cyclists attacked the final climb energetically7. [corroer] to corrode;la humedad ataca los metales humidity corrodes metal8. [dañar] to attack;esta enfermedad ataca el sistema respiratorio this disease attacks the respiratory systemno es el primer chico que la ataca he isn't the first boy to try to Br get off with o US make out with her♦ vi1. [tropas, animal] to attack2. Dep to attack* * *I v/t1 attack;le atacó un fuerte lumbago he had a severe attack of lumbago;me atacaron ganas de … I was seized o gripped by a desire to …II v/i attack* * *atacar {72} v: to attack* * *atacar vb to attack -
11 desgracia
f.1 misfortune (mala suerte).ha tenido la desgracia de sufrir dos accidentes aéreos she's had the misfortune to be in two air accidentsbastante desgracia tengo ya con haber perdido mi trabajo it's bad enough having lost my jobpor desgracia unfortunately2 disaster.desgracias personales casualtieses una desgracia que… it's a terrible shame that…3 disgrace, shame, dishonor, discredit.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: desgraciar.* * *1 (desdicha) misfortune2 (mala suerte) bad luck, mischance3 (pérdida de favor) disfavour (US disfavor)4 (accidente) mishap, accident\caer en desgracia to lose favour (US favor), fall from gracepara colmo de desgracias / para mayor desgracia to top it all, to top everythingpor desgracia unfortunately¡qué desgracia! how awful!* * *noun f.1) disgrace2) misfortune•* * *SF1) (=mala suerte) misfortunetuve la desgracia de encontrármelo en el cine — I had the misfortune to o I was unfortunate enough to run into him at the cinema
estar en desgracia — frm to have constant bad luck
2) (=revés) misfortuneha muerto, ¡qué desgracia! — she has died, what a terrible thing (to happen)!
3)desgracias personales — (=víctimas) casualties
4)caer en desgracia — to lose favour o (EEUU) favor, fall from favour o (EEUU) favor
* * *1)a) (desdicha, infortunio) misfortunetener la desgracia de + inf — to have the misfortune to + inf
caer en desgracia — to fall from favor o grace
b)2) ( suceso adverso)y para colmo de desgracias... — and to crown o cap it all...
las desgracias nunca vienen solas — when it rains, it pours (AmE), it never rains but it pours (BrE)
•* * *= mishap, affliction, mischance, obliteration, stroke of misfortune, ill fate, misfortune, misadventure.Ex. The operations staff makes special backup copies of the catalogs in the network, reconstructs the files in case of a serious mishap, enters new system logon names, assigns authorization levels, and so forth.Ex. In the Netherlands there are currently some 20,000 sufferers from this affliction.Ex. Lawyers find it problematic to consult psychologists, partly because psychological research may turn up unfavorable data through sheer mischance, eg, an invalid sample.Ex. The article is entitled 'The wayward bookman: the decline, fall and historical obliteration of an ALA president'.Ex. The most strenuous efforts will not always ensure success, nor the boldest arm of human power ward off the stroke of misfortune.Ex. The sad fact is that the majority of web pages suffer this same ill fate.Ex. The economic misfortunes of the decade had removed much of the opposition to the working classes using public libraries.Ex. This is a wholly truthful account of her various discoveries and misadventures recounted, to the best of her recollection, in four parts.----* caer en desgracia = fall from + grace, fall into + disfavour, tumble into + disgrace, come into + disrepute, fall into + disrepute, be in the doghouse, fall + foul of.* demasiado + Adjetivo + para su desgracia = too + Adjetivo + for + Posesivo + own good.* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.* una desgracia = a crying shame.* * *1)a) (desdicha, infortunio) misfortunetener la desgracia de + inf — to have the misfortune to + inf
caer en desgracia — to fall from favor o grace
b)2) ( suceso adverso)y para colmo de desgracias... — and to crown o cap it all...
las desgracias nunca vienen solas — when it rains, it pours (AmE), it never rains but it pours (BrE)
•* * *= mishap, affliction, mischance, obliteration, stroke of misfortune, ill fate, misfortune, misadventure.Ex: The operations staff makes special backup copies of the catalogs in the network, reconstructs the files in case of a serious mishap, enters new system logon names, assigns authorization levels, and so forth.
Ex: In the Netherlands there are currently some 20,000 sufferers from this affliction.Ex: Lawyers find it problematic to consult psychologists, partly because psychological research may turn up unfavorable data through sheer mischance, eg, an invalid sample.Ex: The article is entitled 'The wayward bookman: the decline, fall and historical obliteration of an ALA president'.Ex: The most strenuous efforts will not always ensure success, nor the boldest arm of human power ward off the stroke of misfortune.Ex: The sad fact is that the majority of web pages suffer this same ill fate.Ex: The economic misfortunes of the decade had removed much of the opposition to the working classes using public libraries.Ex: This is a wholly truthful account of her various discoveries and misadventures recounted, to the best of her recollection, in four parts.* caer en desgracia = fall from + grace, fall into + disfavour, tumble into + disgrace, come into + disrepute, fall into + disrepute, be in the doghouse, fall + foul of.* demasiado + Adjetivo + para su desgracia = too + Adjetivo + for + Posesivo + own good.* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.* una desgracia = a crying shame.* * *A1(desdicha, infortunio): tuvo la desgracia de perder un hijo sadly, she lost a son, she was unfortunate enough to lose a sontiene la desgracia de que la mujer es alcohólica unfortunately, his wife is an alcoholic, he has the misfortune to have an alcoholic wifebastante desgracia tiene el pobre hombre con su enfermedad he has enough to bear with his illnessen la desgracia se conoce a los amigos when things get bad o rough o tough you find out who your real friends arecaer en desgracia to fall from favor o grace2por desgracia ( indep) unfortunately¿te tocó sentarte al lado de él? — sí, por desgracia did you have to sit next to him? — unfortunately, yes o yes, I'm afraid soB(suceso adverso): han tenido una desgracia tras otra they've had one piece of bad luck o one disaster after anothersufrió muchas desgracias en su juventud he suffered many misfortunes in his youthy para colmo de desgracias, se me quemó la cena and to crown o cap it all, I burned the dinner¡qué desgracia! se me manchó el traje nuevo oh, no o what a disaster! I've spilt something on my new suitlas desgracias nunca vienen solas when it rains, it pours ( AmE), it never rains but it pours ( BrE)Compuesto:* * *
Del verbo desgraciar: ( conjugate desgraciar)
desgracia es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
desgracia
desgraciar
desgracia sustantivo femenino
caer en desgracia to fall from favorb)
desgracia sustantivo femenino
1 (mala suerte) misfortune
2 (suceso penoso) tragedy: tuvieron la desgracia de perder su casa en un incendio, they suffered the misfortune of losing their house in a fire
3 (pérdida de favor, respeto) caer en desgracia, to fall into disgrace 4 desgracias personales, casualties
♦ Locuciones: por desgracia, unfortunately: por desgracia no podemos ir, unfortunately we can't go
las desgracias nunca vienen solas, when it rains it pours
' desgracia' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abatirse
- adversidad
- azote
- caer
- calamidad
- desastre
- disgusto
- entera
- entero
- evitar
- hambre
- plaga
- través
- abatir
- conllevar
- desdicha
- encarar
- golpe
- miseria
- presentir
- recuperar
- sobrevenir
English:
blow
- curse
- disgrace
- doghouse
- favor
- favour
- misadventure
- misery
- misfortune
- unfortunately
- unluckily
- wretchedness
- affliction
- dismay
- disturbed
* * *desgracia nf1. [mala suerte] misfortune;le persigue la desgracia he is dogged by bad luck;bastante desgracia tengo ya con haber perdido mi trabajo it's bad enough having lost my job;ha tenido la desgracia de sufrir dos accidentes aéreos she's had the misfortune to be in two plane crashes;por desgracia unfortunately;¿le llegaste a conocer? – por desgracia para mí did you ever meet him? – unfortunately for me, I did2. [catástrofe] disaster;ha ocurrido una desgracia something terrible has happened;le persiguen las desgracias bad things keep happening to him;una vida llena de desgracias a life full of misfortune;¡qué desgracia! how awful!;es una desgracia que… it's a terrible shame that…;las desgracias nunca vienen solas it never rains but it poursdesgracias personales:no hubo que lamentar desgracias personales there were no casualties, fortunately3. Compcaer en desgracia to fall from grace o into disgrace;caer en desgracia de alguien to fall out of favour with sb;es la desgracia de la familia he's the shame of the family* * *f1 misfortune;por desgracia unfortunately2 suceso accident;las desgracias nunca vienen solas when it rains, it pours3 ( vergüenza) disgrace;grace* * *desgracia nf1) : misfortune2) : disgrace3)por desgracia : unfortunately* * *desgracia n misfortune / piece of bad luck -
12 mezcla
f.1 mixture.una mezcla explosiva an explosive combination (de personalidades, factores)una mezcla de tabacos a blend of tobaccos2 mixing.3 mix (Music).4 dough, kneading.5 mortar, plaster.6 crossbreed, mixing.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: mezclar.* * *1 (acción) mixing, blending2 (producto) mixture, blend3 (de película etc) mixing4 (textil) mixed fibres5 (argamasa) mortar\mezcla de razas mixture of races* * *noun f.mix, mixture, blend* * *SF1) (=acción) [de ingredientes, colores] mixing; [de razas, culturas] mixing; [de sonidos] mixing; [de cafés, tabacos, whiskies] blendingmesa 1)2) (=resultado) [de ingredientes, colores] mixture; [de razas, culturas] mix; [de cafés, tabacos, whiskies] blendsin mezcla — [sustancia] pure; [gasolina] unadulterated
costumbres transmitidas sin mezcla de influencias externas — customs passed on without any external influence
mezcla explosiva — (lit) explosive mixture; (fig) lethal combination
3) (Mús) mix4) (Constr) mortar5) (Cos) blend, mix* * *1) ( proceso)a) ( de productos) mixing; (de vinos, tabacos, cafés) blendingb) (de razas, culturas) mixingc) (Audio) mixing2)a) ( combinación de - productos) mixture; (- vinos, tabacos, cafés) blend; (- tejidos) mixuna mezcla de distintos colores — a combination o mixture of different colors
b) (de razas, culturas) mixc) (Audio) mix•* * *= admixture, amalgam, blend, mix, mixing, mixture, alchemy, concoction, combination, potpourri, conflation, cocktail, recombination, bringing together, meld, mishmash, melange.Ex. No 'bona fide' author will wish to exhibit reduced output efficiency due to admixture with false authorship.Ex. Nevertheless, modern cataloguing practices often represent some amalgam of the collocative and the direct approaches.Ex. Thus in index or catalogue or data base design the indexer must choose an appropriate blend of recall and precision for each individual application.Ex. There are important employment opportunities available to people equipped with the right mix of skills and experience.Ex. This article describes the architecture and the main features of DOMINO, a multimedia information retrieval system whose data base is a collection of multimedia documents (MDs) constituted of a mixing of texts and images.Ex. When used by skilled abstractors this mixture of styles can achieve the maximum transmission of information, within a minimum length.Ex. This is a specialist service calling for a unique alchemy of librarian and computing skills.Ex. Statistics show black family life to be an appalling concoction of poverty, shooting and rampant teenage pregnancy.Ex. The software can search each field or a combination of fields.Ex. This center holds one of the most significant collections (dare we call it potpourri?) of science, natural history, art, history, and culture in the world = Este centre posee uno de las colecciones (¿o quizás popurrí?) más significativas de la ciencia, historia natural, arte, historia y cultura del mundo.Ex. It found differences in the abbreviations used and other stylistic matters (mainly due to language differences) but was able to propose a conflation of the descriptions that formed the basis of what became the SBD and later the ISBD.Ex. He rightly characterizes his book as a ' cocktail of personal and public observations.Ex. These genomes are inherited in strictly lineal fashion, without recombination.Ex. I have already mentioned that the bringing together of the various editions is the real problem.Ex. The article is entitled 'Scholars and media: an unmixable mess of oil and water or a perfect meld of oil and vinegar?'.Ex. We follow a mishmash of characters as they move through their unfortunate life without felicity.Ex. There were space cadets, aimless women -- the melange was incredible.----* hacer mezcla = mix + cement.* mezcla de lluvia helada y aguanieve = wint(e)ry mix, wint(e)ry shower.* mezcla heterogénea = mixed bag.* que mezcla sensaciones = synesthetic, cross-sensory.* sin mezcla = unmixed.* una mezcla de = a mixture of, a blend of, a mix of, a rollup of.* * *1) ( proceso)a) ( de productos) mixing; (de vinos, tabacos, cafés) blendingb) (de razas, culturas) mixingc) (Audio) mixing2)a) ( combinación de - productos) mixture; (- vinos, tabacos, cafés) blend; (- tejidos) mixuna mezcla de distintos colores — a combination o mixture of different colors
b) (de razas, culturas) mixc) (Audio) mix•* * *= admixture, amalgam, blend, mix, mixing, mixture, alchemy, concoction, combination, potpourri, conflation, cocktail, recombination, bringing together, meld, mishmash, melange.Ex: No 'bona fide' author will wish to exhibit reduced output efficiency due to admixture with false authorship.
Ex: Nevertheless, modern cataloguing practices often represent some amalgam of the collocative and the direct approaches.Ex: Thus in index or catalogue or data base design the indexer must choose an appropriate blend of recall and precision for each individual application.Ex: There are important employment opportunities available to people equipped with the right mix of skills and experience.Ex: This article describes the architecture and the main features of DOMINO, a multimedia information retrieval system whose data base is a collection of multimedia documents (MDs) constituted of a mixing of texts and images.Ex: When used by skilled abstractors this mixture of styles can achieve the maximum transmission of information, within a minimum length.Ex: This is a specialist service calling for a unique alchemy of librarian and computing skills.Ex: Statistics show black family life to be an appalling concoction of poverty, shooting and rampant teenage pregnancy.Ex: The software can search each field or a combination of fields.Ex: This center holds one of the most significant collections (dare we call it potpourri?) of science, natural history, art, history, and culture in the world = Este centre posee uno de las colecciones (¿o quizás popurrí?) más significativas de la ciencia, historia natural, arte, historia y cultura del mundo.Ex: It found differences in the abbreviations used and other stylistic matters (mainly due to language differences) but was able to propose a conflation of the descriptions that formed the basis of what became the SBD and later the ISBD.Ex: He rightly characterizes his book as a ' cocktail of personal and public observations.Ex: These genomes are inherited in strictly lineal fashion, without recombination.Ex: I have already mentioned that the bringing together of the various editions is the real problem.Ex: The article is entitled 'Scholars and media: an unmixable mess of oil and water or a perfect meld of oil and vinegar?'.Ex: We follow a mishmash of characters as they move through their unfortunate life without felicity.Ex: There were space cadets, aimless women -- the melange was incredible.* hacer mezcla = mix + cement.* mezcla de lluvia helada y aguanieve = wint(e)ry mix, wint(e)ry shower.* mezcla heterogénea = mixed bag.* que mezcla sensaciones = synesthetic, cross-sensory.* sin mezcla = unmixed.* una mezcla de = a mixture of, a blend of, a mix of, a rollup of.* * *1 (de productos) mixing; (de vinos, tabacos, cafés) blending2 (de razas, culturas) mixingestos perros son producto de una mezcla these dogs are crossbreeds3 ( Audio) mixingañadir cuatro cucharadas de azúcar a la mezcla add four spoonfuls of sugar to the mixturees una mezcla de distintos colores it is a combination o mixture of different colorsno me gusta la mezcla de dulce y salado I don't like mixing sweet and savory thingshabla una mezcla de inglés y francés he speaks a mixture of English and French2 (de razas, culturas) mix3 ( Audio) mix4 ( Const) mortarCompuesto:( Arm) explosive mixture* * *
Del verbo mezclar: ( conjugate mezclar)
mezcla es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
mezcla
mezclar
mezcla sustantivo femenino
1 ( proceso)
2 ( combinación )
(de vinos, tabacos, cafés) blend;
( de tejidos) mix;
c) (Audio) mix
mezclar ( conjugate mezclar) verbo transitivo
1
mezcla algo con algo to mix sth with sth
2 ‹documentos/ropa› to mix up, get … mixed up;
mezcla algo con algo to get sth mixed up with sth
3 ( involucrar) mezcla a algn en algo to get sb mixed up o involved in sth
mezclarse verbo pronominal
1
b) ( tener trato con) mezclase con algn to mix with sb
2 [razas/culturas] to mix
mezcla sustantivo femenino
1 (acción) mixing, blending
Rad Cine mixing
2 (producto) mixture, blend: me gusta esta mezcla de cafés, I like this blend of coffee
Audio mix
Text mix
una mezcla de seda y lino, a silk/linen mix
mezclar verbo transitivo
1 (combinar, amalgamar) to mix, blend: no me gusta mezclar a los amigos, I don't like to mix my friends
2 (algo ordenado antes) to mix up: mezcló sus cosas con las tuyas, he got his things mixed up with yours
3 (involucrar) to involve, mix up
' mezcla' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
barro
- consistente
- expandirse
- homogeneizar
- spanglish
- consistencia
- contenido
- homogéneo
- mezclilla
- puro
English:
add in
- blend
- cross
- mix
- mixture
- Spanglish
- stand
- medley
- mixed
* * *mezcla nf1. [de materiales, productos] [resultado] mixture, combination;[acción] mixing;una mezcla de tabacos/whiskys a blend of tobaccos/whiskies;el verde es resultado de la mezcla del azul y del amarillo green is the result of mixing blue and yellow;cuando hierva la leche, añádala a la mezcla when the milk boils, add it to the mixture;es una mezcla de comedia y tragedia it's a mixture of comedy and tragedy2. [de culturas, pueblos] [resultado] mixture;[acción] mixing3. [tejido] mix4. Mús & TV [resultado] mix;[acción] mixing;mesa de mezclas mixing desk, mixer5. mezcla explosiva explosive mixture;Figla mezcla explosiva de alcohol y drogas the explosive combination of alcohol and drugs* * *f* * *mezcla nf1) : mixing2) : mixture, blend3) : mortar (masonry material)* * *mezcla n1. (en general) mixture2. (de tabaco) blend3. (de personas) mix -
13 violento
adj.1 violent.2 violent, bitter, forceful.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: violentar.* * *► adjetivo1 (gen) violent2 (vergonzoso) embarrassing, awkward3 (molesto) embarrassed, awkward, ill at ease4 (dicho, escrito) twisted, distorted5 (postura) forced, unnatural6 DEPORTE rough* * *(f. - violenta)adj.1) violent2) embarrassing* * *ADJ1) [acto, deporte, persona] violent2) (=incómodo) awkward, uncomfortableme fue muy violento verlo llorar — seeing him cry made me feel very awkward o uncomfortable
me encuentro violento estando con ellos — I feel awkward o I don't feel at ease when I'm with them
3) [postura] awkward4) [interpretación] forced5) (LAm) (=repentino) quick* * *- ta adjetivo1) <choque/deporte/muerte> violent; < discurso> vehement; <persona/tono/temperamento> violentle es or resulta violento hablar del tema — she finds it embarrassing o difficult to talk about it
estaba muy violento — I felt very awkward o embarrassed
* * *= violent, furious, crude [cruder -comp., crudest -sup.], virulent, savage, stormy [stormier -comp., stormiest -sup.], embarrassing, rough [rougher -comp., roughest -sup.], virulently, uneasy, uncomfortable, ill-at-ease, bloodthirsty.Ex. There was a heavy and prolonged silence as Datto scrambled through his mind, trying to recollect the details of the event that had apparently trigerred this violent reaction.Ex. 'Punch' satirised the opponents more cruelly: 'Here is an institution doomed to scare the furious devotees of laissez faire'.Ex. Some unfortunate children grow up as readers of James Bond, of dashing thrillers and the blood-and-guts of crude war stories.Ex. It is easy to become carried away by the sheer size of the so-called 'information explosion' and to regard the growth of literature as a phenomenon as threatening to civilization as a virulent epidemic or the 'population explosion' in the third world.Ex. The most vulnerable nations are Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, which have all experienced savage war and civil unrest in recent years.Ex. The stormy period of the 50s and 60s are considered to have seriously damaged the cause of improving the salaries of librarians.Ex. This is highly embarrassing for the innocent reader and for the apologetic library staff.Ex. The changes for the latter group are going to be abrupt, and rough -- very revolutionary.Ex. This work presents a startling contrast to the virulently anti-Catholic sentiments prevalent in 18th-century popular writing.Ex. Hawthorne gave an uneasy laugh, which was merely the outlet for her disappointment.Ex. And making matters worse, this uncomfortable group sat in a suburban sitting-room flooded with afternoon sunlight like dutifully polite guests at a formal coffee party.Ex. One quite serious barrier to improvement is the reluctance of users to tell librarians of their feelings, but perhaps it is expecting too much of them to complain that they are ill-at-ease.Ex. All the way through, the Jews are portrayed as bloodthirsty.----* cometer un acto violento = commit + violence.* comportamiento violento = violent behaviour.* no violento = nonviolent [non-violent].* perturbado y violento = violently insane.* reacción violenta = backlash.* sentirse violento = look + uncomfortable.* sentirse violento por = be embarrassed at.* volverse violento = turn + violent.* * *- ta adjetivo1) <choque/deporte/muerte> violent; < discurso> vehement; <persona/tono/temperamento> violentle es or resulta violento hablar del tema — she finds it embarrassing o difficult to talk about it
estaba muy violento — I felt very awkward o embarrassed
* * *= violent, furious, crude [cruder -comp., crudest -sup.], virulent, savage, stormy [stormier -comp., stormiest -sup.], embarrassing, rough [rougher -comp., roughest -sup.], virulently, uneasy, uncomfortable, ill-at-ease, bloodthirsty.Ex: There was a heavy and prolonged silence as Datto scrambled through his mind, trying to recollect the details of the event that had apparently trigerred this violent reaction.
Ex: 'Punch' satirised the opponents more cruelly: 'Here is an institution doomed to scare the furious devotees of laissez faire'.Ex: Some unfortunate children grow up as readers of James Bond, of dashing thrillers and the blood-and-guts of crude war stories.Ex: It is easy to become carried away by the sheer size of the so-called 'information explosion' and to regard the growth of literature as a phenomenon as threatening to civilization as a virulent epidemic or the 'population explosion' in the third world.Ex: The most vulnerable nations are Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, which have all experienced savage war and civil unrest in recent years.Ex: The stormy period of the 50s and 60s are considered to have seriously damaged the cause of improving the salaries of librarians.Ex: This is highly embarrassing for the innocent reader and for the apologetic library staff.Ex: The changes for the latter group are going to be abrupt, and rough -- very revolutionary.Ex: This work presents a startling contrast to the virulently anti-Catholic sentiments prevalent in 18th-century popular writing.Ex: Hawthorne gave an uneasy laugh, which was merely the outlet for her disappointment.Ex: And making matters worse, this uncomfortable group sat in a suburban sitting-room flooded with afternoon sunlight like dutifully polite guests at a formal coffee party.Ex: One quite serious barrier to improvement is the reluctance of users to tell librarians of their feelings, but perhaps it is expecting too much of them to complain that they are ill-at-ease.Ex: All the way through, the Jews are portrayed as bloodthirsty.* cometer un acto violento = commit + violence.* comportamiento violento = violent behaviour.* no violento = nonviolent [non-violent].* perturbado y violento = violently insane.* reacción violenta = backlash.* sentirse violento = look + uncomfortable.* sentirse violento por = be embarrassed at.* volverse violento = turn + violent.* * *A1 ‹choque/deporte/muerte› violent; ‹discusión› violent, heated; ‹discurso› vehementutilizar métodos/medios violentos to use violent methods/means2 ‹persona/tono/temperamento› violentB(incómodo): le resulta violento hablar del tema she finds it embarrassing o difficult to talk about itestaba muy violento I felt very awkward o embarrassed o uncomfortable¡qué situación más violenta! how embarrassing!* * *
Del verbo violentar: ( conjugate violentar)
violento es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
violentó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
violentar
violento
violentar ( conjugate violentar) verbo transitivo
‹ persona› to rape
violentarse verbo pronominal
to get embarrassed
violento◊ -ta adjetivo
1 ( en general) violent;
2 ( incómodo) ‹ situación› embarrassing, awkward;
estaba muy violento I felt very awkward
violentar verbo transitivo
1 (incomodar) to embarrass
2 (enfadar) to infuriate
3 (violar) to rape
4 (forzar una puerta, cerradura, etc) to force
violento,-a adjetivo
1 (una persona, tormenta, muerte, etc) violent
2 (una situación) embarrassing: se sintió muy violenta, she felt very awkward
' violento' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrupta
- abrupto
- cacharrazo
- castaña
- dura
- duro
- impetuosa
- impetuoso
- vándala
- vándalo
- violenta
- bestia
- bruto
- cochino
- enojoso
- fuerte
- gamberrada
- gamberrismo
- molesto
- remolino
English:
aggressive
- appal
- appall
- bang
- bring out
- fierce
- furious
- horseplay
- onslaught
- rough
- rough-and-tumble
- sense
- smash-up
- trouble
- video nasty
- violent
- wild
- burning
- embarrassed
- harsh
- savage
- smash
- sticky
* * *violento, -a♦ adj1. [persona, deporte, acción] violent;muerte violenta violent death;se hicieron con el parlamento por medios violentos they took control of the parliament by violent means2. [intenso] [pasión, tempestad] intense, violent;[viento] fierce;los despertó una violenta sacudida del wagón they were awoken when the carriage gave a violent jolt3. [incómodo] awkward;aquello lo puso en una situación muy violenta that put him in a very awkward situation;me resulta violento hablar con ella I feel awkward talking to her♦ nmpllos violentos the men of violence* * *adj1 violent;morir de muerte violenta die a violent death* * *violento, -ta adj1) : violent2) embarazoso, incómodo: awkward, embarassing* * *violento adj1. (en general) violent2. (incómodo) awkward -
14 popurrí
m.1 potpourri.2 pot pourri, potpourri, medley.* * *1 potpourri* * *SM potpourri* * *masculino (de cosas, colores) potpourri* * *= smorgasbord, potpourri, mash-up, mishmash.Ex. The article 'Teaching reference by the smorgasbord method' describes in detail the 6 component features of teaching reference work.Ex. This center holds one of the most significant collections (dare we call it potpourri?) of science, natural history, art, history, and culture in the world = Este centre posee uno de las colecciones (¿o quizás popurrí?) más significativas de la ciencia, historia natural, arte, historia y cultura del mundo.Ex. ' Mash-ups' of data on the web are starting to appear on Australian sites and could provide a new means of online advertising.Ex. We follow a mishmash of characters as they move through their unfortunate life without felicity.----* hacer un popurrí = mash up.* un popurrí de = a potpourri of, a welter of.* * *masculino (de cosas, colores) potpourri* * *= smorgasbord, potpourri, mash-up, mishmash.Ex: The article 'Teaching reference by the smorgasbord method' describes in detail the 6 component features of teaching reference work.
Ex: This center holds one of the most significant collections (dare we call it potpourri?) of science, natural history, art, history, and culture in the world = Este centre posee uno de las colecciones (¿o quizás popurrí?) más significativas de la ciencia, historia natural, arte, historia y cultura del mundo.Ex: ' Mash-ups' of data on the web are starting to appear on Australian sites and could provide a new means of online advertising.Ex: We follow a mishmash of characters as they move through their unfortunate life without felicity.* hacer un popurrí = mash up.* un popurrí de = a potpourri of, a welter of.* * *1 ( Mús) potpourri2 (de cosas, colores) potpourri, mixture* * *
popurrí sustantivo masculino (de cosas, colores) potpourri
' popurrí' also found in these entries:
English:
potpourri
- medley
* * *popurrí nm1. [de canciones] medley2. [de cosas] mishmash* * *m MÚS, figpotpourri* * *popurrí nm: potpourri -
15 desgraciada
f., (m. - desgraciado)* * *
desgraciado,-a
I adjetivo
1 (sin suerte, desdichado) unfortunate: aquel fue un día desgraciado, that was a most unfortunate day
2 (sin felicidad) unhappy: una vida desgraciada, an unhappy life
3 (desacertado) unwise: regalarles un libro fue una elección desgraciada, it was a bad choice to give them a book
II sustantivo masculino y femenino
1 unfortunate person
un pobre desgraciado, a poor devil
2 pey ofens wretch, vile person: ese desgraciado me golpeó en la cabeza, that despicable person hit me on the head
' desgraciada' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
desgraciado
* * *I adj1 unfortunate2 ( miserable) wretchedII m, desgraciada f1 ( infeliz) wretch2 ( sinvergüenza) swine fam -
16 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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17 que
que [kə]━━━━━━━━━1. conjunction2. adverb━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━a. (complétive) that━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► that introduisant une subordonnée complétive est souvent sous-entendu en anglais.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• tu crois qu'il réussira ? do you think he'll succeed?• mais il n'a pas de voiture ! -- il dit que si but he has no car! -- he says he has━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Avec un verbe de volonté, l'anglais emploie une proposition infinitive. Si le sujet de cette infinitive est un pronom, l'anglais utilise la forme objet du pronom.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque que remplace une conjonction comme si, quand, comme, que, la conjonction est soit répétée soit omise en anglais.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• si vous êtes sages et qu'il fait beau, nous sortirons if you are good and (if) the weather is fine, we'll go out• comme la maison est petite et qu'il n'y a pas de jardin... as the house is small and there's no garden...• il ira, qu'il le veuille ou non he'll go whether he wants to or not• qu'il parte ou qu'il reste, ça m'est égal whether he leaves or stays, it's all the same to med. (but) tenez-le, qu'il ne tombe pas hold him so he doesn't falle. (temps) elle venait à peine de sortir qu'il se mit à pleuvoir she had no sooner gone out than it started raining• ils ne se connaissaient pas depuis 10 minutes qu'ils étaient déjà amis they had only known each other for 10 minutes and already they were friendsf. (souhait) qu'il se taise ! I wish he would be quiet!• eh bien, qu'il vienne ! all right, he can come!• qu'il essaie seulement ! just let him try!• que je l'aide ? tu plaisantes ! me, help him? you must be joking!• « viens ici ! » qu'il me crie (inf) "come here!" he shoutedh. (locutions)► que... ne• j'avais déjà fini de déjeuner qu'elle n'avait pas commencé I'd already finished my lunch and she hadn't even started► que oui ! yes indeed!• il était fâché ? -- que oui ! was he angry? -- he certainly was!► que non ! certainly not!• tu viens ? -- que non ! are you coming? -- no I am not!2. <• que tu es lent ! you're so slow!• que de voitures ! there's so much traffic!• que d'erreurs ! there are so many mistakes!qu'est-ce qu'il est bête ! he's such an idiot!• qu'est-ce qu'il joue bien ! doesn't he play well!3. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Le pronom relatif que n'est souvent pas traduit.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'on utilise un pronom relatif pour désigner une personne en anglais, il y a trois possibilités: whom, qui est d'un registre soutenu, who qui n'est pas correct, mais très fréquemment utilisé, et that.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Le pronom relatif que n'est souvent pas traduit.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'on utilise un pronom relatif pour désigner un animal ou une chose en anglais, il y a deux possibilités: that et which, qui s'utilise surtout pour des choses.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• la raison qu'il a donnée the reason (that or which) he gavec. (en incise)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque la relative est en incise, on n'emploie jamais that, mais which pour une chose et who(m) pour une personne.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• un certain M. Leduc, que je ne connais pas, m'a appelé a certain Mr Leduc, who (inf) or whom I don't know, called me• la lettre, que j'ai postée lundi, est arrivée vendredi the letter, which I posted on Monday, arrived on Fridaye. (autres) quel homme charmant que votre voisin ! what a charming man your neighbour is!• tout distrait qu'il est, il s'en est aperçu absent-minded though he is, he still noticed it4. <• que fais-tu ? what are you doing?• qu'en sais-tu ? what do you know about it?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Dans les cas où il y a un choix, on emploie which.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• que préfères-tu, de la compote ou un crème caramel ? which would you prefer, stewed fruit or crème caramel?• qu'est-ce que tu fais ? what are you doing?• qu'est-ce que tu préfères, le rouge ou le noir ? which do you prefer, the red one or the black one?► qu'est-ce qui what• qu'est-ce qui l'a mis en colère ? what made him so angry?* * *
1.
( qu' before vowel or mute h) kə conjonctioncomme tu ne veux pas venir et que tu ne veux pas dire pourquoi — since you refuse to come and (since you) refuse to say why
2)qu'il soit le meilleur, nous nous en sommes déjà rendu compte — we were already well aware that he's the best
approche, que je te regarde — come closer so I can look at you
que vous le vouliez ou non, que cela vous plaise ou non — whether you like it or not
il n'était pas sitôt parti qu'elle appela la police — no sooner had he left than she called the police
j'avais déjà lu dix pages qu'il n'avait toujours pas commencé — I had already read ten pages while he hadn't even started
qu'on veuille bien m'excuser mais... — you must excuse me but...
qu'il crève! — (sl) let him rot! (colloq)
2.
pronom interrogatif whatque dire? — what can you ou one say?
que faire? — ( maintenant) what shall I/we do?; ( au passé) what could I/we do?
3.
pronom relatifPierre, que je n'avais pas vu depuis 20 ans, est venu me voir hier — Pierre, whom I had not seen for 20 years, came to see me yesterday
c'est la plus belle femme que j'aie jamais vue — she's the most beautiful woman (that) I've ever seen
3) ( employé comme attribut) that
4.
‘vous ne leur en avez pas parlé?’ - ‘oh que si!’ — ‘haven't you spoken to them about it?’ - ‘yes I have!’
‘tu en as besoin?’ - ‘que oui!’ — ‘do you need it’ - ‘I certainly do!’
••
que conjonction de subordination se traduit généralement par that: elle a dit qu'elle le ferait = she said that she would do it; il est important qu'ils se rendent compte que ce n'est pas simple it's important that they should realize that it's not simpleOn notera que that est souvent omis: je pense qu'il devrait changer de métier = I think he should change jobsQuand que suit un verbe exprimant un souhait, une volonté, l'anglais utilise un infinitif: je voudrais que tu ranges ta chambre = I'd like you to tidy your room; elle veut qu'il fasse un stage de formation = she wants him to do a training courseOn trouvera ci-dessous quelques exemples supplémentaires mais on pourra toujours se reporter aux verbes, adjectifs et substantifs qui peuvent être suivis de que, comme montrer, comprendre, apparaître, certain, évident, idée etc. De même les locutions ainsi que, alors que, bien que sont traitées respectivement sous ainsi, alors, bien. Pour les emplois de que avec ne, plus, moins etc on se reportera à ne, plus, moins etcque pronom relatif se traduit différemment selon qu'il a pour antécédent un nom de personne: l'homme que je vois = the man that I can see; = the man I can see; = the man who I can see; = the man whom I can see; les amis que j'ai invités = the friends that I've invited; = the friends I've invited; = the friends who I have invited; = the friends whom I have invited (dans les deux cas ci-dessus la traduction avec whom appartient au registre de la langue écrite); ou un nom de chose, concept, animal: le chien que je vois = the dog that I can see; = the dog I can see; = the dog which I can see; l'invitation que j'ai reçue = the invitation that I received; = the invitation I received; = the invitation which I received. Voir III ci-dessous* * *kə1. conj1) (introduisant complétive) thatIl sait que tu es là. — He knows you're here., He knows that you're here.
Je veux que tu acceptes. — I want you to agree.
Je veux que tu viennes. — I want you to come.
Il a dit que oui. — He said he would.
Quand il rentrera et qu'il aura mangé... — When he gets back and has eaten...
Si vous y allez ou que vous... — If you go there or if you...
qu'il le veuille ou non — whether he likes it or not, (souhait)
4) (but) (= de sorte que) so, so thatTenez-le, qu'il ne tombe pas. — Hold it so it doesn't fall., Hold it so that it doesn't fall.
5) (après comparatif) thanplus... que — more... than
C'est plus difficile que je ne le pensais. — It's more difficult than I thought.
Il est plus grand que moi. — He's bigger than me.
6) (équivalence) asaussi... que — as... as
Elle est aussi jolie que sa sœur. — She's as pretty as her sister.
Le train est aussi cher que l'avion. — The train is as expensive as the plane.
See:plus; aussi; autantne... que (= seulement) — only
Il ne boit que de l'eau. — He only drinks water.
Je ne l'ai vu qu'une fois. — I've only seen him once.
à peine... que; Elle venait à peine de sortir qu'il se mit à pleuvoir. — She had just gone out when it started to rain., No sooner had she gone out than it started to rain.
il y a... que; ça fait... que; Il y a 4 ans qu'il est parti.; Ça fait 4 ans qu'il est parti. — It is 4 years since he left.
See:2. advqu'il est...; Qu'il est bête!; Qu'est-ce qu'il est bête! — He's so silly!
Qu'il court vite!; Qu'est-ce qu'il court vite! — He runs so fast!
que de... — such a lot of..., so many...
3. pron1) (relatif) (personne) that, whomla dame que j'ai rencontrée hier — the lady I met yesterday, the lady that I met yesterday
l'homme que je vois — the man I can see, the man that I can see
2) (chose) that, whichLe gâteau qu'elle a fait est délicieux. — The cake she made is delicious., The cake that she made is delicious., The cake which she made is delicious.
le livre que tu vois — the book you see, the book that you see, the book which you see
3) (temps) (= où)un jour que j'étais... — a day when I was...
4) (interrogatif) whatQu'est-ce que...? — What...?
Qu'est-ce que c'est? (en désignant qch) — What is it?, What's that?, (en entendant qch) What's that?
* * *que ⇒ Note d'usage (qu' before vowel or mute h)A conj1 ( reprenant une autre conjonction) comme tu ne veux pas venir et que tu ne veux pas dire pourquoi since you refuse to come and (since you) refuse to say why; si vous venez et que vous avez le temps if you come and (if you) have the time;2 je crains que tu (ne) fasses une bêtise I'm worried (that) you might do something silly; le fait qu'il se soit enfui prouve sa culpabilité the fact that he has run away is proof of his guilt; qu'il soit le meilleur, nous nous en sommes déjà rendu compte we were already well aware that he's the best; taisez- vous que j'entende ce qu'il dit stop talking so (that) I can hear what he's saying; approche, que je te regarde come closer so I can look at you; qu'il pleuve et toute la récolte est détruite if it rains the harvest will be ruined; que vous le vouliez ou non, que cela vous plaise ou non whether you like it or not; il voudrait faire échouer le projet qu'il ne s'y prendrait pas autrement if he wanted to ruin the project he couldn't have chosen a better way to do it; il l'aurait fait qu'il ne voudrait pas l'admettre even if he did do it he wouldn't admit it; il n'était pas sitôt parti qu'elle appela la police no sooner had he left than she called the police; vous dormiez encore que j'avais déjà fait une longue promenade you were still asleep, while I had already been for a long walk; j'avais déjà lu 10 pages qu'il n'avait toujours pas commencé I had already read 10 pages while he hadn't even started; il ne se passe pas de jour qu'il ne pleuve not a day goes by without rain ou when it doesn't rain; que tout le monde sorte! everyone must leave!; qu'on veuille bien m'excuser mais… you must excuse me but…; qu'il se taise! I wish he would be quiet!; que n'êtes vous-arrivés hier soir! fml if only you'd arrived last night!; que ceux qui n'ont pas compris le disent let anyone who hasn't understood say so; qu'on le pende! hang him!; qu'il crève◑! let him rot○!, he can rot○!; que j'aille le voir! you expect me to go and see him!; que je leur prête ma voiture! you expect me to lend them my car!; que je sache as far as I know;3 ◑( à la place de l'inversion du sujet) et alors? que je lui ai dit so? I said to him; approche! qu'il m'a dit come closer! he says to me○.B pron inter what; que fais-tu ? what are you doing?; que dire? what can you ou one say?; que faire? ( maintenant) what shall I do?, what am I to do?; ( au passé) what could I do?, what was I to do?; que veux-tu pour ton anniversaire? what do you want for your birthday?; qu'est-ce que tu en penses? what do you think?; je ne sais que dire I don't know what to say; je ne sais pas ce qu'il a dit I don't know what he said; que sont ces traces? what are those tracks?; qu'est-ce que c'est que ça? what's that?; qu'importe? what does it matter?C pron rel1 ( ayant un nom de personne pour antécédent) Pierre, que je n'avais pas vu depuis 20 ans, est venu me voir hier Pierre, whom I had not seen for 20 years, came to see me yesterday; c'est la plus belle femme que j'aie jamais vue she's the most beautiful woman (that) I've ever seen;2 ( ayant un nom de chose ou d'animal pour antécédent) je n'aime pas la voiture que tu as achetée I don't like the car (that) you've bought; le livre qu'il a écrit juste après la guerre the book that he wrote just after the war; les photos que vous regardez ont été prises à Rome the photographs that ou which you are looking at were taken in Rome; c'est la plus belle fleur que j'aie jamais vue it's the most beautiful flower (that) I've ever seen;3 ( employé comme attribut) that; la vieille dame qu'elle est devenue the old lady that she has become; énervé qu'il était il n'a pu terminer son discours he was so worked up that he couldn't finish his speech; de petite fille sage qu'elle était elle est devenue une petite peste she's changed from the good little girl that she was into a real pest; bête que je suis fool that I am; stupide que tu es! you silly thing!D adv que vous êtes jolie! how pretty you are!; que c'est difficile/ennuyeux how difficult/boring it is; que c'est joli it's so pretty; ce que vous êtes jolie! you're so pretty!; que de monde/d'eau what a lot of people/water; qu'avait-il besoin de faire? why did he have to do?; que ne le disais-tu plus tôt? fml why didn't you say so earlier?; ‘vous ne leur en avez pas parlé?’-‘oh que si!’ ‘haven't you spoken to them about it?’-‘oh yes I have!’; que non! definitely not!; ‘tu en as besoin?’-‘que oui!’ ‘do you need it’-‘indeed I do!’; c'était une époque turbulente que le XVIe siècle what a turbulent period the 16th century was.1. [combien]que tu es naïf! you're so naive!, aren't you naive!que de bruit ici! it's so noisy here!, what a lot of noise there is in here!2. [exprimant l'indignation]que ne l'as-tu (pas) dit plus tôt! why didn't you say so earlier?, I wish you had said so ou that earlier!————————sa sœur, que je n'avais pas vue depuis 10 ans, était là aussi her sister, whom ou who I hadn't seen for 10 years, was there toole contrat que j'ai signé the contract (which) ou that I signedje ne suis pas la seule, que je sache I'm not the only one as far as I know4. [pour souligner une caractéristique]fatiguée qu'elle était, elle continuait à l'aider tired though ou as she was, she carried on helping himde timide qu'il était, il est devenu expansif once a shy man, he's now an extroverten bon père/électricien qu'il était being the good father/electrician he wasune chance, que cette panne! very lucky, this breakdown!5. [dans des expressions de temps, de durée]un soir qu'il faisait très chaud one very hot evening, one evening when the weather was very hotle temps que tu te prépares, il sera trop tard by the time you're ready it'll be too latechaque fois que je m'absente, il téléphone every time I'm out he phones————————1. [dans le discours direct] whatqu'est-ce que je vois/j'entends? [ton menaçant ou hum] what is this I see/hear?2. [dans le discours indirect] what————————1. [après des verbes déclaratifs ou des verbes d'évaluation] thatexigez qu'on vous indemnise demand compensation ou to be compensated[en début de proposition]que leur fils ait fugué, cela ne devrait pas nous surprendre the fact that their son ran away shouldn't come as a surprise to usque tu pleures ne changera rien your ou you crying won't change anything2. (à valeur circonstancielle) [et déjà] thanil n'a pas fini de lire un roman qu'il en commence un autre no sooner has he finished one novel than he starts reading another[afin que] so thatapproche-toi, que je te voie mieux come closer so that I can see you better[à tel point que]elle tousse que ça réveille tout le monde (familier) she coughs so much (that) she wakes everybody upil est têtu que ça en devient un vrai problème (familier) he's so ou that stubborn (that) it's a real problem[dialecte: parce que]ne viens pas, que si je te vois je te tue! don't come, 'cos if I see you I'll kill you!3. (suivi du subjonctif) [pour formuler un ordre, un souhait, une éventualité]a. [faites-la parler] make her talk!b. [laissez-la parler] let her speak!eh bien, qu'il s'en aille s'il n'est pas content! he can leave if he doesn't like it!qu'il m'attaque et je dis tout just let him (try and) attack me, and I'll reveal everything4. (soutenu) [dans une double hypothèse]5. [répète la conjonction précédente]6. [formule de présentation et d'insistance]je croyais l'affaire faite et voilà qu'elle n'est pas d'accord I thought the deal was clinched and now I find she disagreessi je n'ai rien dit, c'est que je craignais de te vexer if I said nothing, it was because I was afraid of upsetting youtu n'iras pas — que si! you won't go — oh yes I will ou I will too!7. [dans une formule interrogative]————————que... ne locution conjonctiveaucune décision n'est prise que je ne sois préalablement consulté no decision is made without my being consulted first————————que... ou non locution conjonctivewhether... or not————————que... (ou) que locution conjonctivewhether... orqu'il fasse beau, qu'il pleuve, je sors me promener come rain or come shine, I go out for a walk -
18 من
مِن \ by: (showing how sth. is done): We hold things by the handle. We know people by name. We learn by experience. We earn money by working. from: showing the time that sth. started: I waited from six o’clock till eight, showing where sth. began or was obtained Are men descended from monkeys? He read aloud from the newspaper, showing cause He suffered from stomach pains, showing the lower limit of costs, numbers, etc. New bicycles cost from $60 to $90 each, showing a change The price rose from 20 pence to 25 pence, showing difference I don’t know one from the other, showing the place that one has left He arrived from Glasgow. of: (after a noun) showing contents, amount, kind, etc.: a cup of coffee (a cup that contains coffee); a cupful of coffee (enough coffee to fill a cup); a pound of sugar (sugar that weighs a pound); a piece of bread (not a whole loaf), (after an adj. or verb) concerning; about: I’m sure of it. She’s afraid of mice, (after a verb) showing a cause He died of hunger, (after an adj.) showing who did sth. and how he did it It was kind of your father to invite me (Your father was kind...), (after a participle) showing how sth. is formed a dress made of silk. than: used in comparing two objects; here the second subject and verb are always left out: I like you better than him (I like you better than I like him), used in comparing two subjects; it is better to put in the second verb, although some writers leave it out He is taller than I (am). He runs faster than I (do). \ مِن أَجْل \ because of: as a result of: Because of his illness, he could not travel. for: because of: He jumped for joy. She was sent to prison for stealing. for sb. to do sth.: that sb. should do sth.: I’m anxious for him to pass his exams. sake, for the sake of, for sb.’s sake: for the desire of: Why ruin your health for the sake of a little pleasure?, for the good of; so as to help: Soldiers die for the sake of their county (or for their country’s sake). Don’t take any risks for my sake. towards: as a help to: He gave me $5 towards the cost of my bicycle. \ مِن أَجْل ذلك \ hence: (often with no verb) for this reason: My car broke down; hence my late arrival. \ مِن أحدث طِراز \ up to date: up to the present moment; modern; knowing or showing the latest facts: Give me an up-to-date report on political events in South America. \ مِن أَصْل \ out: from among: Ten out of the twenty people were late. \ مِن الأَفْضَل \ preferably: if possible: Any day suits me, but preferably not Sunday. \ مِن الأَفْضَل \ had better: would be wise to: You had better try again tomorrow. \ See Also الأَجْدى لِـ \ مِن الآن \ hence: from now: A week hence I shall be in Rome. \ مِن... إلى \ from... to...: (without a or the) showing passage of time, distance in space, or repeated action: He visits me from time to time. He went from house to house in search of work. \ مِن آن إلى آخر \ every now and again, every now and then: again and again, but with no regular space between. \ مِن الآن فَصَاعِدًا \ henceforth, henceforward: from now on; in future. on: onwards: From now on I shall be more careful. \ مِن البداية إلى النهاية \ through: passing from one side or place to another; making a continuous journey: a through train. \ مِن بَعْدُ \ since: after; during the period after: I saw him on Tuesday, but I haven’t seen him since. I’ve been thinking about him ever since. \ مِن بَعيد \ from afar: from a great distance. \ مِن بَين \ out of: from among: Ten out of the twenty people were late. \ مِن ثَمَّ \ subsequently: afterwards: He became ill in the winter, and subsequently died. \ مِن جَانِبٍ إِلَى آخر \ across: form one side to the other: Run across before a car comes. The river is half a mile across. over: so that a different side is upwards: Turn the page over. Roll the body over. \ مِن جَديد \ afresh: again; making a new beginning: Tear up this page and start afresh. \ مِن جَمِيع الجهَات \ around: on all sides (of); round; here and there: The boys were running around. A crowd gathered around me. \ مِن جَمِيع الوُجوه تقريبًا \ to all intents and purposes: in regard to all that matters: To all intents and purposes, the work is finished (though a few unimportant points remain to be dealt with). \ مِن جِهة \ in respect of, with respect to, respecting: concerning: a bill in respect of car repairs. on the part of: in the case of; so far as sb. is concerned: There was no mistake on her part (If there was a mistake, it was not hers). \ مِن جهة ومِن الجهة الأخرى \ on the one hand, on the other hand: comparing opposite facts or ideas; the first phrase is often left out: (On the one hand) you can live more cheaply in the country; on the other hand, work is harder to find there. \ مِن الحديد \ iron: made of iron; as strong as iron: an iron bar; an iron will. \ مِن حُسن التوفيق \ happily: fortunately: Happily, he was not hurt in the accident. a good job: a fortunate thing: It’s a good job that you crossed before the bridge fell. fortunately: adv. as the result of good fortune: He fell down but fortunately did not hurt himself. \ See Also لحسن الحظ (لِحُسْنِ الحَظّ) \ مِن حَوْل \ around: on all sides (of); round; here and there: The boys were running around. A crowd gathered around me. \ مِن حَيْثُ شَخْصُهُ \ personally: as a person (in regard to character); socially: I like him personally, but I dislike his political ideas. \ مِن حِين لآخَر \ occasional: happening sometimes, but not regularly: We had an occasional quarrel. now and again, now and then: sometimes. \ مِن خِلال \ through: from one side to the other; from one end to the other: He drove a nail through (the board). A river ran through (the town). Water runs through pipes. I looked through the window, but I couldn’t see far through the mist. I read through my notes. \ مِن الدرجة الأولى \ first-class, first-rate: of the best quality: He is a first-class photographer. \ مِن سُخْرِية الأقدار \ ironic(al): (of events) like a cruel joke: It was ironical that she should break her leg just when she had at last got a job as a dancer. \ مِنَ الشرق \ eastern: belonging to the east. \ مِن صُنْعِ اليَد \ hand-made: made by hand, not by a machine: Hand-made shoes. \ مِن الضروريّ أن كما \ must: (p.t.. had to, neg.. needn’t, don’t/didn’t need to; don’t/didn’t have to) need to: You must go now, mustn’t you? Yes, I must. No, I needn’t go yet. \ مِن الطبيعيّ \ it goes without saying (that): naturally; of course: The invitation was sent to me; but it goes without saying that my wife is included. \ مِن الطراز القديم \ old-fashioned: (of people) holding on to old ideas and customs; (of things) not modern; no longer used. \ مِن طَرَف لآخر \ through: passing from one side or place to another; making a continuous journey: a through train. \ مِن عَجيب التَّقادِير \ ironic(al): (of events) like a cruel joke: It was ironical that she should break her leg just when she had at last got a job as a dancer. \ مِن عَلى ظهر السفينة \ overboard: over the side of a boat, and into the water: They jumped overboard when the ship was on fire. \ مِن غَيْر \ without: not with; not having: Without doubt, this is the best. I did it without his help. He took my bicycle without asking me. \ مِن غَيْر حَرَج \ freely: readily: They freely accepted my advice. \ مِنَ الفراء \ fur: animal skin, with the fur on it, used as clothing: a coat with a collar of fur; a fur hat. \ مِنَ الفِراش \ up: out of bed: I get up at 6.30 every morning. We stayed up very late last night. \ مِن فَضْلِك \ kindly: please!: kindly close the door!. please: (when asking) giving a polite order: Please stop that noise. A cup of coffee, please, asking for a favour or for permission Will you help me, please? Please, may I use your pen?. \ مِن فَوْق \ over: across, from one side of sth. to the other: He jumped over the fence. The gate was locked, so he climbed over. \ مِن فَوق سَطْح المَرْكَب \ overboard: over the side of a boat, and into the water: They jumped overboard when the ship was on fire. \ مِن قَبْل \ ago: before the present time: 100 years ago; a short while ago. already: before this time: She’s already married. before: at an earlier time (than): I have been here before. beforehand: before; early; in readiness: If you want your dinner early, warn the cook beforehand. \ مِن قِبَل \ by: (showing who or what did sth.): He was bitten by a dog. \ مِن قَلْبٍ مُخْلص \ heartily: thoroughly: I heartily agree with you. \ مِنَ المُؤسِف \ pity: (with a) an unfortunate fact or happening: It’s a pity that you can’t go with us to the cinema. \ مِنَ المُحَتَّم \ bound, (bind, bound) to: certain to: He’s bound to win. \ See Also المُؤَكَّد أَنّ \ مِنَ المُحْتَمَل \ likely: (usu. with very, most, more or quite) probably: She’s very likely right. well: (with may) very possibly; with good reason: He may well be late if the road is being repaired. \ مِن مُدّةٍ قريبة \ the other day: a few days ago: I met your son the other day. \ مِن المَرْتَبَة أو الدَّرَجة الثّانِية \ second-class: of the next level below that of top quality: The less comfortable second-class seats were much cheaper than the first-class ones. \ مِن المَفْروض أنّ \ be supposed to: to have a duty to; be expected to: You’re supposed to be working now, not playing. You’re not supposed to be here (You ought not be here). \ مِن مَكانٍ لآخَر \ about: from place to place in: We wandered about the town. \ مِن المُمْكِن \ could, (could not, couldn’t): (with an if clause, showing a possibility that depends on sth. else) would be able to: She could buy it if you lent her the money. possibly: perhaps: Possibly you can help. well: (with may) very possibly; with good reason: He may well be late if the road is being repaired.. \ مِنَ المُمْكِن أن \ could, (could not, couldn’t): (showing a simple possibility): You could telephone her (if you wanted to). might: expressing a weak possibility (future, present or past): She might do that tomorrow; she might be doing it at this moment; she might even have done it already (but I doubt that she has done it or ever will do it). \ مِنْ ناحية... مِنَ الناحية الأخرى \ on the one hand, on the other hand: comparing opposite facts or ideas; the first phrase is often left out: (On the one hand) you can live more cheaply in the country; on the other hand, work is harder to find there. \ مِن النّاحية النظريّة \ in theory: as an idea; according to ideas: Your plan may work in theory, but it will not work in practice. \ مِنَ النُّبَلاء \ earl: the title of a British nobleman. \ مِنَ النُّبَلاء \ noble: of high rank: a woman of noble birth. \ See Also الأشراف \ مِنْ نِتاج الوَطَن \ home-grown: (of food) grown in one’s own country, not in another country: home-grown vegetables. \ مِنْ نُسْخَتَين \ in duplicate: on two separate copies: Please complete this list in duplicate. \ مِنْ نَسْل \ descendant: sb. who is descended from a person: a descendant of Queen Victoria. \ See Also ذرية (ذُرِّيَّة) \ مِنْ نَفْس البَلَد \ countryman, countrymen: (usu. fellow countryman) a person of the same nation as another. \ مِنْ نوع راق \ classical: of proved and lasting value: classical music. \ مَنْ هُم أَعْلَى مقَامًا \ betters, one’s betters: those who have more experience or higher rank than onself: Treat your betters with more respect. \ See Also أَرْفَع شَأنًا مِن \ مِن هُنَا \ away: (with verbs of movement) to a distance: Go away! We drove the dog away. by: past: Please let me (get) by. He smiled as he went by. \ مَن هو أَعْلَى دَرَجَةً \ superior: sb. of higher rank: You must obey your superiors. \ مِن واجبه أن \ up to: the duty of: It’s up to his father to punish him. \ مِن وَاحِد إلى آخَر \ over: across, from one person to another: She handed over the keys to a friend. \ مِن الواضح \ much: (in comparison; before most, etc.) without doubt; clearly: He is much the most experienced player in the team. \ مِن وَراءِ ظَهْرِه \ behind sb.’s back: when someone is not present: He tells untrue stories about me behind my back. \ مِن وَقْت لاِخَر \ now and again: sometimes. off and on, on and off: not continuously; at one time and another: It has been raining off and on the whole day. sometimes: at certain times but not always: Sometimes I win and sometimes I don’t. England sometimes has a hot summer, but not often. -
19 højst
весьма́, чрезвыча́йно, в вы́сшей сте́пени* * ** * *adv very, most ( fx likely; unfortunate; unpleasant), exceedingly, extremely ( fx different; unpleasant),( kun positivt) highly ( fx probable);( i det højeste) not more than, not over, at most ( fx five days), at the most ( fx five days at the most). -
20 concours
concours [kɔ̃kuʀ]masculine nouna. ( = jeu, compétition) competition ; ( = examen) competitive examination• concours hippique ( = sport) show-jumping• un concours hippique ( = épreuve) a horse showb. ( = participation) helpc. ( = rencontre) concours de circonstances combination of circumstances━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━In France, the cultural significance of competitive examinations with a predetermined quota of successful candidates is considerable. Gruelling « classes préparatoires » after secondary school level are designed to prepare high-flying students for the « grandes écoles » entrance exams, and have tended to promote a competitive and elitist approach to learning in these schools. Other examples of the importance of concours are the competitive recruitment procedures for public sector teaching posts (« CAPES » and « agrégation »), civil service appointments in ministries, and even jobs in the Post Office. → AGRÉGATION CAPES GRANDES ÉCOLES* * *Entry in many areas of the public services, including the teaching profession, as well as the most prestigious institutes of higher education, depends on succeeding in a competitive examination or concours. The number of candidates admitted depends on the number of posts or places available in a given year* * *kɔ̃kuʀ1. vbSee:2. nm1) (= épreuve) competition2) ÉDUCATION competitive examinationSee:3) (= assistance) help, assistance4)* * *concours nm inv1 (jeu, compétition) competition; concours de piano/pêche piano/angling competition; concours agricole/floral agricultural/flower show; concours d'élégance fig fashion show; concours de beauté beauty contest; être hors concours to be ineligible to compete;2 Admin, Scol competitive examination; par (voie de) concours by competitive examination; concours d'entrée entrance examination (à for); concours de recrutement Admin competitive entrance examination;3 ( aide) help, assistance; ( appui) support; ( collaboration) cooperation; concours financier financial assistance; grâce au concours du personnel thanks to the cooperation of the staff; s'assurer le concours d'agents qualifiés to enlist the services of qualified staff; avec le concours de l'orchestre des Jeunes ( participation) with the Youth orchestra; apporter or prêter son concours à qch/qn to help out with sth/to help sb out;4 Sport ( en athlétisme) field event.concours de circonstances combination of circumstances; concours complet Équit three-day event; faire un concours complet to go eventing; concours général Scol prestigious competitive examination for pupils in top forms of French secondary schools; concours hippique Équit ( sport) show jumping; ( épreuve) horse show.ⓘ Concours Entry in many areas of the public services, including the teaching profession, as well as the most prestigious institutes of higher education, depends on succeeding in a competitive examination or concours. The number of candidates admitted depends on the number of posts or places available in a given year.[kɔ̃kur] nom masculin2. [combinaison]un heureux/un fâcheux concours de circonstances a lucky/an unfortunate coincidenceconcours de beauté/de chant beauty/singing contestconcours agricole/hippique agricultural/horse showle concours généralcompetition in which the best pupils in the two upper forms at French lycées compete for prizes in a variety of subjectsavec le concours de locution prépositionnelle————————par concours locution adverbiale,sur concours locution adverbiale[recruter, entrer] on the results of a competitive entrance exam
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